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Table 1 Summary of immunological and physiological characterization during cachexia progression though our findings

From: Potential role of immunological factors in early diagnosis of cancer cachexia in C26 tumor-bearing mice

Characteristics

Pre-cachexia

Cachexia

Refractory cachexia

Days after C26 cell inoculation

3 days

7 days

14 days

21 days

Immunological related

 T cell populations

  Total T cell (CD3 positive)

N.C.

N.C.

↓↓↓

  Helper T cell (CD4 positive)

N.C.

N.C.

↓↓↓

↓↓↓

  Cytotoxic T cell (CD8 positive)

N.C.

N.C.

↓↓↓

↓↓↓

 Immune checkpoints

  CTLA-4

   on CD4+ T cell

N.C.

N.C.

N.C.

   on CD8+ T cell

N.C.

N.C.

N.C.

  PD-1

   on CD4+ T cell

N.C.

N.C.

N.C.

   on CD8+ T cell

N.C.

N.C.

N.C.

N.C.

 Cytokines

  TNF-α

N.C.

N.C.

  MCP-1

↑↑↑

  IL-6

↑↑↑

Physiological related

 Carcass weight

N.C.

N.C.

↓↓↓

 Organs

  Thymus

N.C.

N.C.

N.C.

  Spleen

N.C.

↑↑↑

↑↑↑

  Liver

N.C.

N.C.

N.C.

N.C.

  1. N.C.: no change, arrow with dotted line: high tendency compared with normal group, arrow with solid line: significance compared with 3 days after C26 cell inoculation, 1 of arrow with solid line: P < 0.05, 2 of arrow with solid line: P < 0.01, 3 of: arrow with solid line: P < 0.001