Fig. 4From: Effectiveness of expanded clay as a bacteria carrier for self-healing concreteChange in calcium ion concentration with time. Free bacteria (1.0 × 106 cells/mL) and EC-immobilized bacteria (1.0 × 106 cells/g of dry EC) were used. Expanded clay was submerged into bacterial solution of 1.0 × 108 cell/mL and processed as described in “Materials and methods” section. No carbonatogenesis activity was observed for control medium and EC onlyBack to article page