Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 3 Chemical properties of soil solutions amended with CA after a 6-week incubation at 25 °C; values with same letter within a column are significantly different; p = 0.05

From: Evaluation of the effects of mandarin (Citrus reticulate) by-products containing citric acid on immobilization of cadmium in arable soils

Treatment	Soil pH (1:5 with H₂O)	Log activity (mol L⁻¹)		Saturation index
Treatment	Soil pH (1:5 with H₂O)	Cd²⁺	HCO₃⁻	CdCO₃	Cd₃(PO₄)₂	Cd(OH)₂
Control	6.73^a	− 5.656^b	− 7.517^b	− 0.435^b	− 4.558^a	− 4.781^a
CA	6.97^a	− 5.228^a	− 6.861^a	+ 0.572^a	− 3.971^a	− 4.347^a

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