Occurrence and risk characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of edible oils by the Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 2 PAHs concentrations in edible oils

Country	Sample type	No.	BaA (ng g⁻¹)		CHR (ng g⁻¹)		BbF (ng g⁻¹)		BaP (ng g⁻¹)		Total (ng g⁻¹)		Reference (origins)
Country	Sample type	No.	Mean	Range	Mean	Range	Mean	Range	Mean	Range	Mean	Range	Reference (origins)
(This study)	Sesame oil	129	0.41	ND–3.91	0.41	ND–2.52	0.35	ND–2.07	0.18	ND–1.11	1.35	ND–7.46	(Korea)
	Perilla oil	71	0.54	ND–2.78	0.97	ND–8.64	0.61	ND–3.66	0.20	ND–1.60	2.33	ND–12.91	(Korea)
	Red pepper seeds oil	16	0.88	ND–1.93	1.08	ND–2.68	0.75	ND–1.53	0.47	ND–1.19	3.18	ND–6.26	(Unknown)
	Olive oil	53	0.51	0.17–1.00	0.95	ND–1.77	0.37	ND–1.05	0.22	ND–0.48	2.05	0.42–4.07	(Unknown)
	Red pepper seasoning oil	34	0.61	ND–2.52	0.95	ND–2.92	0.64	0.12–1.89	0.32	ND–1.15	2.53	0.12–6.88	(Unknown)
Germany	Sesame oil	1	< 0.1		0.6^a		0.1^b		ND				[7]
Germany	Olive oil	7	1.6	1.0–1.9	4.6^a	3.7–6.9^a	2.4^b	1.0–2.8^b	0.7	0.2–1.2			[7]
Spain	Virgin olive oil	6							0.6	0.3–1.2			[33]
Spain	Olive–pomace oil	10							19.2	0.5–49.3			[33]
Denmark	Sesame oil	1							0.2				[34]
	Extra virgin olive oil	46							0.15	< 0.2–0.4
	Olive oil	6							0.12	< 0.2–0.2
Australia	Extra virgin olive oil	2	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ^b	<LOQ^b	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	[35]
Australia	Olive oil	3	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ^b	<LOQ^b	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ
Italy	Olive–pomace oil	3	12.4	6.0–25.0	60.9	18.6–133.2	11.3^b	1.1–31.4^b	5.9	0.9–15.4	90.5	26.8–205.0
Portugal	Virgin olive oil	2	0.7	0.5–0.9	0.3	0.1–0.6	0.4	0.3–0.4	0.2	0.1–0.3	1.6	1.0–2.2	[12]
Kuwait^c	Sesame oil	9							2.05	0.28–11.05			[14]
	Extra virgin olive oil	21							0.53	0–6.77
	Virgin olive oil	7							0.90	0–6.31
	Olive oil	7							ND
	Pomace olive oil	6							2.06	0–3.62

TR, Turkey; SY, Syria; IT, Italy; ES, Spain; PS, Palestine; TN, Tunisia; LB, Lebanon; CA, Canada; SA, Saudi Arabia; SG, Singapore; KW, Kuwait; IN, India; TH, Thailand
^aSum of chrysene and triphenylene
^bSum of benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene
^cSamples purchased from Kuwait markets originated from various countries. The original countries of sesame oils were SA, KW, IN, TH and SG, and those of extra virgin olive oils were from TR, SY, IT, ES, PS, TN, LB, CA and SA. The Virgin olive oils were made from TR, SY, PS and IT, and the pomace olive oils were from ES