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Table 4 CH4 emission factors of each location under different methods of straw application

From: Effect of straw incorporation on methane emission in rice paddy: conversion factor and smart straw management

Year

Treatment

CH4 emission factor (kg ha−1 day−1)

Straw addition

Application season

Application method

Noeun (SCL)

Jukdong (SL)

Wanju (L)

Gimje (SiCL)

Jinju (CL)

Sacheon (SiL)

Mean

1st

No straw

–

–

2.21b

2.87c

3.71b

3.99b

1.40b

1.58c

2.63b

Straw

Spring

–

3.46a

5.87a

5.92a

7.26a

4.42a

5.39a

5.39a

Straw

Autumn

Spreading

3.66a

4.47b

4.56b

3.47b

4.54a

6.11a

4.47a

Straw

Autumn

Mixing

2.50b

2.57c

3.62b

2.92b

2.96ab

4.55ab

3.19b

2nd

No straw

–

–

1.88c

2.23c

2.59c

3.57c

2.64c

3.38c

2.71c

Straw

Spring

–

4.49a

4.34a

8.10a

10.13a

5.79a

6.83a

6.61a

Straw

Autumn

Spreading

2.99b

3.50b

6.15ab

5.08b

4.35ab

4.88ab

4.49b

Straw

Autumn

Mixing

2.36bc

2.15c

5.64b

4.16bc

3.87bc

3.78bc

3.66bc

Mean

No straw

–

–

2.05b

2.55b

3.15c

3.78b

2.02c

2.48c

2.67c

Straw

Spring

–

3.98a

5.10a

7.01a

8.70a

5.11a

6.11a

5.94a

Straw

Autumn

Spreading

3.32a

3.98a

5.36ab

4.28b

4.44a

5.50a

4.51b

Straw

Autumn

Mixing

2.43b

2.36b

4.63bc

3.54b

3.41b

4.16b

3.42c

Statistical analysis

 Year (A)

ns

***

***

***

***

ns

*

 Treatment (B)

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

 A × B

***

***

***

***

ns

***

ns

  1. All treatments were plowed before flooding in spring
  2. Different letters on same column indicate significant difference at level of p < 0.05 within the treatments