Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from Vitisvinifera leaf litter and its adsorption performance for aqueous phenanthrene

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 2 Yield, burn-off, attrition and elemental composition of the chars

Ratio (biomass: chemical)/ chemical agent	Name	%Yield	%Burn-off	%Attrition	Elemental composition (wt%)
Ratio (biomass: chemical)/ chemical agent	Name	%Yield	%Burn-off	%Attrition	C	O	P	Si	Ca	Cl	S	Cu	Zn
5:2/ H₃PO₄	PAac	58.40	41.98	36.75	60.04	37.64	1.04	0.14	0.51	0.04	0.03	0.56	–
5:1/ H₃PO₄	PBac	47.04	52.96	19.67	57.60	41.13	0.87	–	0.04	–	–	–	–
10:1/ H₃PO₄	PCac	41.63	58.37	16.21	57.58	40.23	0.01	0.37	0.53	0.69	–	0.58	–
5:2/ ZnCl₂	ZAac	47.08	52.92	42.86	67.21	30.87	–	0.00	–	0.43	0.00	1.48	–
5:1/ ZnCl₂	ZBac	45.54	54.46	22.67	62.38	32.16	–	0.13	0.77	2.66	0.16	–	1.74
10:1/ ZnCl₂	ZCac	44.65	55.36	16.00	52.21	42.86	–	0.72	0.72	1.82	0.14	0.47	0.88
No activation	Nac	32.84	67.16	9.24	51.37	45.17	1.64	0.72	0.93	0.18	–	–	–