Fig. 3From: Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extracts and its components, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin, increase claudin 1 expression in human keratinocytes, enhancing intercellular tight junction capacityTight junction capacity is increased by WECT. a Immunoblot showing increased expression of claudin 1 after WECT treatment. Claudin 1 band intensity was normalized by tubulin. b Immunofluorescence images of the enhanced tight junctional localization of claudin 1. HaCaT cells were stained with anti-claudin 1 (green), anti-tubulin alpha (red), and DAPI for nuclei (blue). Scale bars indicate 20 μm. c Dispase assay showing that WECT enhances mechanical cell–cell adhesion. HaCaT cells were treated with WECT, followed by treatment with dispase for 1 h. d Number of fragments were counted. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (two-sided t-test, versus control)Back to article page