From: Caenorhabditis elegans as a powerful tool in natural product bioactivity research
Category | Natural products | Main finding | Molecular pathway | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-aging | Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract | ↑ Lifespan by 24% ↓ Lipofuscin ↑ Intracellular ROS levels | DAF-16 and SKN-1 | [54] |
Ginsenosides | ↑ Lifespan by 14.02% | SKN-1, SIR 2.1, and DAF-16 | [55] | |
Glochidion zeylanicum leaf extracts | ↓ Mortality by juglone by 42.23% ↓ Intracellular ROS by 41.33% | SOD-3, and GST-4 HSP-16.2 DAF-16 and SKN-1 | [56] | |
Corynebacterium durum metabolites | ↑ Lifespan up to 21.6% | SIR-2.1 | [64] | |
Protocatechuic, gallic, and vanillic acid | ↑ Lifespan and heat stress resistance | sir-2.1 expression ATP depletion in aged nematodes | [66] | |
Myricetin | ↑ Lifespan and body bending in age worms | SIR-2.1 | [72] | |
Anti-obesity | Luteolin | ↓ Fat accumulation up to approximately 35% | Serotonin synthesis in ADF neurons to promote lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation | |
Chrysin | ↓ Fat accumulation by 38.9% | DAF-16 | [83] | |
trans-Trismethoxy resveratrol | ↓ Triglyceride accumulation by 14% | Downregulated stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes, fat-6 and fat-7 | [84] | |
Bitter melon polysaccharides | ↓ Triglyceride content | daf-2, fat-5, fat-6 and fat-7 mediated fatty acid desaturases pathways | [87] | |
Neuroprotective effect | Magnolol | ↓ Paralyzed phenotype by 20% | PPAR-γ | [90] |
Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein aglycone | ↓ α-Synuclein accumulation by 14% at day 12 | Proteasome activity | [98] | |
Mucuna pruriens seed extract | ↑ Median (25%) and maximum survival (47.8%) in dopaminergic neurotoxin treatment |  | [93] | |
Olive polyphenols | ↑ The activity index by 142% in a rotenone-induced PD model ↓ α-Synuclein by 17% |  | [156] | |
Gut health improvement | 3,3′- Diindolylmethane | ↓ C. elegans intestinal permeability triggered by P. aeruginosa infection by 14.81% |  | |
L. casei | ↑ Egg laying and pharyngeal pumping in sick worms ↓ K. pneumoniae colonization in the intestine | TLR, RACK-1 and p38 MAPK | [105] | |
E. coli strain Nissle 1917 | ↓ Relative permeability of a pathogenic E. coli infected gut ↓ Body-cavity leakage by approximately 20% | ZOO-1 | [106] | |
Anti-infective effect | Diplocyclos palmatus | ↑ Survival time by 50% ↓ Colonization of S. marcescens | daf-16 and immune-related genes (clec-60, clec-87, lys-7 and bec-1) | [117] |
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde | ↑ Survival time by 24 h | Multidrug resistance gene expression | [118] | |
Bifidobacterium spp. | ↑ Survival rate against enterohemorrhagic E. coli | Transcription of the genes encoding virulence factors | [121] | |
Broccoli extract | ↑ Survival rates of C. elegans increase by 28.5% | luxS and pfs genes QS-mediated bacterial virulence | [122] | |
Honokiol and magnolol | ↓ Lethality rate in C. elegans during MSSA infection | Modulation of immune response IFN-β and IFN-λ | [123] | |
Hypericin and Ampicillin Cotreatment | Recovered body sizes that are similar to vehicle control worms | Â | [125] | |
Tripterygium wilfordii extract | ↑ Survivability of S. pyogenes infection |  | [126] |