Table 2 Essential oil composition of Nepeta binaludensis aerial parts in flowering stage from 20 sampling sites in Binalud Mountain, Mashhad, Iran
Oil compound | RIa | RIb adams | Azghad | Darrod | Dehbar | Dizbad | Dowlatabad | Ferizi1 | Ferezi2 | Golmakan | Gerine | Jagharg1 | Jagharg2 | Kang1 | Kang2 | Kordine | Moghan1 | Moghan2 | Shirbad | Zoshk1 | Zoshk2 | Cultivated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α-thujene | 928 | 930 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 | – |
α-pinene | 939 | 939 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
sabinene | 975 | 975 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
β-pinene | 978 | 979 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
myrcene | 1000 | 998 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 3.8 |
α-terpinene | 1018 | 1017 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 1.0 |
p-cymene | 1026 | 1024 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 5.7 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 4.4 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 2.7 |
limonene | 1029 | 1029 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
β-phellandrene | 1030 | 1029 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
1,8-cineole | 1031 | 1031 | 38.2 | 25.4 | 41.8 | 55.0 | 45.5 | 34.0 | 32.6 | 52.7 | 56.1 | 42.1 | 33.3 | 50.4 | 40.7 | 29.8 | 45.3 | 32.1 | 59.0 | 55.9 | 34.2 | 52.0 |
γ-terpinene | 1062 | 1059 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
terpinolene | 1087 | 1088 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
linalool | 1099 | 1096 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
trans-sabinene-hydr | 1101 | 1098 | 4.1 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 2.6 | – | 4.4 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 1.6 | – |
δ-tepineol | 1168 | 1166 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
tepinene-4-ol | 1179 | 1177 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.3 |
α-terpineol | 1190 | 1188 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
verbenone | 1208 | 1205 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.6 |
4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone | 1364 | 1360 | 39.1 | 55.1 | 32.4 | 14.8 | 31.5 | 40.6 | 42.1 | 21.9 | 14.5 | 36.5 | 43.6 | 22.3 | 38.6 | 50.4 | 26.8 | 46.1 | 13.8 | 14.4 | 42.0 | 26.7 |
E-caryophyllene | 1424 | 1419 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | – | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | – | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | – | – | 0.2 | 0.3 |
δ-elemene | 1439 | 1438 | – | 0.7 | 0.2 | – | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | – | – | 0.2 | 0.5 | – | 0.3 | 0.5 | – | 0.6 | – | – | 0.5 | 0.3 |
cis-β-farnesene | 1445 | 1442 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | - |
Total compounds % | 98.9 | 99.1 | 99.0 | 98.7 | 99.2 | 99.5 | 99.2 | 97.4 | 99.3 | 99.1 | 98.9 | 93.9 | 99.0 | 98.8 | 98.2 | 99.2 | 99.3 | 98.6 | 99.2 | 99.0 | ||
Oil yield % | 2.1d | 4.9a | 2.3 cd | 1.3e | 3.3bc | 1.2e | 2.1d | 2.8c | 2.0d | 3.8b | 3.7b | 2.7c | 2.7c | 1.4e | 2.2d | 4.2ab | 2.9c | 2.7c | 2.0d | 1.8d |