Skip to main content

Table 3 Estimated dermal exposure and reentry interval for harvesters to pesticides registered for the cucumber greenhouses

From: Transfer factor calculated using dermal exposure and dislodgeable foliar residue and exposure assessment for reentry worker after pesticide application in cucumber field

Pesticides

A.I.a

(%)

Dilution

AOELb

(mg/kg b.w./day)

DFR0 estimatec

(ng/cm2)

PDE estimated

(mg/day)

ADEe (mg/day)

REIg (days)

SWTh (h/day)

PPE + f

PPE−

PPE + 

PPE−

PPE + 

PPE−

Abamectin

1.8

3000

0.0025

5.3

0.3

0.003

0.03

− 8.6

− 3.9

545.1

54.5

Acetamiprid

8

2000

0.07

35.6

1.7

0.02

0.2

− 11.5

− 6.8

2289.5

228.9

Acrinathrin

5.7

2000

0.0071

25.3

1.2

0.01

0.1

− 7.5

− 2.9

325.9

32.6

Afidopyropen

2.5

2000

0.087

11.1

0.5

0.01

0.1

− 14.3

− 9.6

9105.6

910.6

Amisulbrom

13.5

2000

0.18

60.0

2.9

0.03

0.3

− 12.4

− 7.7

3488.7

348.9

Azoxystrobin

21.7

1000

0.21

192.9

9.3

0.1

0.9

− 10.3

− 5.6

1266.1

126.6

Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl

15

2000

0.1

66.7

3.2

0.03

0.3

− 11.0

− 6.3

1744.4

174.4

Bifenthrin

2

1000

0.0075

17.8

0.9

0.01

0.1

− 8.4

− 3.7

490.6

49.1

Bistrifluron

10

2000

0.095

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 11.7

− 7.0

2485.7

248.6

Bitertanol

25

2500

0.01

88.9

4.3

0.04

0.4

− 5.7

− 1.0

130.8

13.1

Boscalid

49.3

1500

0.097

292.1

14.1

0.1

1.4

− 7.9

− 3.2

386.1

38.6

Broflanilide

5

2000

0.0031

22.2

1.1

0.01

0.1

− 6.1

− 1.4

162.2

16.2

Chlorantraniliprole

5

2000

0.36

22.2

1.1

0.01

0.1

− 15.8

− 11.1

18,839.1

1883.9

Chlorfenapyr

10

2000

0.0042

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 5.3

− 0.6

109.9

11.0

Chlorothalonil

75

600

0.009

1111.0

53.5

0.5

5.4

− 0.3

4.4

9.4

0.9

Clothianidin

8

1000

0.1

71.1

3.4

0.03

0.3

− 10.8

− 6.1

1635.3

163.5

Copper hydroxide

77

1000

0.072

684.4

33.0

0.3

3.3

− 5.5

− 0.9

122.3

12.2

Copper sulfate

15

500

0.072

266.6

12.8

0.1

1.3

− 7.5

− 2.8

314.0

31.4

Cyazofamid

10

2000

0.3

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 14.0

− 9.3

7849.6

785.0

Cyclaniliprole

4.5

2000

0.027

20.0

1.0

0.01

0.1

− 10.7

− 6.1

1569.9

157.0

Cyflumetofen

10

1000

0.11

88.9

4.3

0.04

0.4

− 10.6

− 5.9

1439.1

143.9

Cypermethrin, zeta

3

1000

0.019

26.7

1.3

0.01

0.1

− 9.4

− 4.8

828.6

82.9

Deltamethrin

1

1000

0.0075

8.9

0.4

0.004

0.04

− 9.8

− 5.1

981.2

98.1

Difenoconazole

10

2000

0.16

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 12.7

− 8.1

4186.5

418.6

Dimethomorph

25

1000

0.15

222.2

10.7

0.1

1.1

− 9.3

− 4.6

785.0

78.5

Dinotefuran

20

1000

0.22

177.8

8.6

0.1

0.9

− 10.6

− 5.9

1439.1

143.9

Emamectin benzoate

5

4000

0.00028

11.1

0.5

0.01

0.1

− 2.6

2.0

29.3

2.9

Ethaboxam

25

1000

0.16

222.2

10.7

0.1

1.1

− 9.5

− 4.8

837.3

83.7

Etofenprox

20

1000

0.06

177.8

8.6

0.1

0.9

− 7.9

− 3.2

392.5

39.2

Fenbuconazole

12

2000

0.017

53.3

2.6

0.03

0.3

− 7.8

− 3.1

370.7

37.1

Fenpyrazamine

30

1000

0.25

266.6

12.8

0.1

1.3

− 10.0

− 5.3

1090.2

109.0

Flometoquin

10

2000

0.01

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 7.1

− 2.4

261.7

26.2

Flonicamid

50

10,000

0.025

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 9.0

− 4.3

654.1

65.4

Flubendiamide

20

2000

0.006

88.9

4.3

0.04

0.4

− 4.6

0.04

78.5

7.8

Fludioxonil

20

2000

0.59

88.9

4.3

0.04

0.4

− 14.0

− 9.3

7718.8

771.9

Fluopyram

40

4000

0.054

88.9

4.3

0.04

0.4

− 9.1

− 4.4

706.5

70.6

Fluquinconazole

25

2000

0.0012

111.1

5.4

0.05

0.5

− 0.9

3.8

12.6

1.3

Flutianil

2

2000

0.35

8.9

0.4

0.004

0.04

− 17.6

− 12.9

45,789.5

4578.9

Fluxametamide

9

2000

0.022

40.0

1.9

0.02

0.2

− 8.9

− 4.2

639.6

64.0

Fluxapyroxad

15.3

4000

0.041

34.0

1.6

0.02

0.2

− 10.5

− 5.8

1402.3

140.2

Hexaconazole

5

5000

0.0082

8.9

0.4

0.004

0.04

− 10.0

− 5.3

1072.8

107.3

Imidacloprid

10

2000

0.08

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 11.3

− 6.6

2093.2

209.3

Iminoctadine tris(albesilate)

30

1000

0.0024

266.6

12.8

0.1

1.3

− 0.5

4.1

10.5

1.0

Indoxacarb

15.84

3000

0.0036

46.9

2.3

0.02

0.2

− 4.9

− 0.2

89.2

8.9

Iprodione

50

1000

0.19

444.4

21.4

0.2

2.1

− 8.4

− 3.7

497.1

49.7

Isofetamid

36

1500

0.053

213.3

10.3

0.1

1.0

− 7.3

− 2.6

288.9

28.9

Isopyrazam

12.57

2000

0.036

55.9

2.7

0.03

0.3

− 9.2

− 4.6

749.4

74.9

Kresoxim-methyl

50

3000

0.92

148.1

7.1

0.07

0.7

− 13.8

− 9.2

7221.7

722.2

Lepimectin

2

2000

0.013

8.9

0.4

0.004

0.04

− 10.9

− 6.2

1700.8

170.1

Lufenuron

5

2000

0.01

22.2

1.1

0.01

0.1

− 8.5

− 3.8

523.3

52.3

Mefentrifluconazole

10

2000

0.016

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 8.1

− 3.4

418.6

41.9

Metaflumizone

20

2000

0.01

88.9

4.3

0.04

0.4

− 5.7

− 1.0

130.8

13.1

Methoxyfenozide

4

1000

0.11

35.6

1.7

0.02

0.2

− 12.4

− 7.7

3597.7

359.8

Metrafenone

25.2

2000

0.43

112.0

5.4

0.05

0.5

− 12.9

− 8.2

4464.7

446.5

Milbemectin

2

2000

0.0086

8.9

0.4

0.004

0.04

− 10.1

− 5.4

1125.1

112.5

Myclobutanil

6

1000

0.031

53.3

2.6

0.03

0.3

− 9.0

− 4.3

675.9

67.6

Novaluron

10

2000

0.012

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 7.5

− 2.8

314.0

31.4

Penthiopyrad

20

4000

0.11

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 12.0

− 7.3

2878.2

287.8

Phenthoate

47.5

1000

0.1

422.2

20.3

0.2

2.0

− 7.2

− 2.5

275.4

27.5

Picarbutrazox

10

2000

0.11

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 12.0

− 7.3

2878.2

287.8

Prochloraz

50

2000

0.018

222.2

10.7

0.1

1.1

− 5.0

− 0.3

94.2

9.4

Procymidone

50

1000

0.035

444.4

21.4

0.2

2.1

− 5.0

− 0.3

91.6

9.2

Propamocarb HCl

66.5

1000

0.29

591.1

28.5

0.3

2.8

− 8.7

− 4.0

570.5

57.1

Propineb

70

400

0.046

1555.4

74.9

0.7

7.5

− 3.0

1.7

34.4

3.4

Pydiflumetofen

18.35

4000

0.18

40.8

2.0

0.02

0.2

− 13.2

− 8.5

5133.3

513.3

Pyflubumide

10

2000

0.0062

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 6.1

− 1.4

162.2

16.2

Pyraclostrobin

22.9

4000

0.015

50.9

2.5

0.02

0.2

− 7.6

− 3.0

342.8

34.3

Pyraziflumid

15

2000

0.071

66.7

3.2

0.03

0.3

− 10.3

− 5.6

1238.5

123.8

Pyridaben

20

1000

0.005

177.8

8.6

0.1

0.9

− 2.9

1.8

32.7

3.3

Pyridalyl

10

1000

0.036

88.9

4.3

0.04

0.4

− 8.3

− 3.6

471.0

47.1

Pyrifluquinazon

10

2000

0.013

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 7.6

− 2.9

340.2

34.0

Pyriproxyfen

10

2000

0.04

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 9.9

− 5.2

1046.6

104.7

Spinetoram

5

2000

0.0065

22.2

1.1

0.01

0.1

− 7.6

− 2.9

340.2

34.0

Spinosad

10

2000

0.012

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 7.5

− 2.8

314.0

31.4

Tebufenozide

8

1000

0.008

71.1

3.4

0.03

0.3

− 5.7

− 1.0

130.8

13.1

Teflubenzuron

5

1000

0.016

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 8.1

− 3.4

418.6

41.9

Tetraconazole

12.5

1000

0.03

111.1

5.4

0.05

0.5

− 7.5

− 2.8

314.0

31.4

Tetraniliprole

18.18

5000

0.37

32.3

1.6

0.02

0.2

− 15.1

− 10.4

13,313.0

1331.3

Thiamethoxam

10

2000

0.082

44.4

2.1

0.02

0.2

− 11.4

− 6.7

2145.6

214.6

Trifloxystrobin

50

4000

0.059

111.1

5.4

0.05

0.5

− 8.8

− 4.2

617.5

61.8

Triflumizole

30

3000

0.041

88.9

4.3

0.04

0.4

− 8.6

− 3.9

536.4

53.6

Valifenalate

12

1000

0.68

106.7

5.1

0.1

0.5

− 13.9

− 9.2

7413.5

741.4

  1. aActive ingredient
  2. bAcceptable operator exposure level
  3. cInitial dislodgeable foliar residue (DFR0), estimated using A.I., dilution, and deposit volume
  4. dPotential dermal exposure (PDE), estimated using DFR0, transfer factor (TF, 6020.4 cm2/h), and harvesting time per day (H/D, 8 h/day)
  5. eActual dermal exposure (ADE) = PDE × 10% penetration rate through PPE × 10% skin absorption
  6. fPersonal protective equipment or clothing
  7. gReentry interval
  8. hSafe work time