Fig. 7
From: Aptamer-based CRISPR-Cas powered diagnostics of diverse biomarkers and small molecule targets
The principle of Raman spectrometer-read CRISPR/Cas biosensor for nucleic acids detection of pathogenic bacteria. A The activation of CRISPR/Cas12a for trans-cleavage. The green ribbon represents single-stranded DNA subject to trans-cleavage. B The preparation of gold nanostar@4-mercaptobenzoic acid@goldnanoshell structures (AuNS@4-MBA@Au) and their utility in combination with CRISPR/Cas12a for SERS-based bacterial detection for both in-tube and μPAD detection. DNA1 and DNA2 were colored as blue and red, respectively and linker ssDNA was green. C The schematics of the biosensing processes with the estimated assay time for each step. D The nucleic acid sequences required for the proposed biosensor and the hybridization of linker ssDNA with DNA1 and DNA2. AA  ascorbic acid. (Figure from Zhuang et al., Biosensors and Bioelectronics 207 (2022) 114167; Copyright by Elsevier;used with permission)