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Applied Biological Chemistry
Fig. 3 | Applied Biological Chemistry

Fig. 3

From: Effect of far-red light on the production and diversity of ginsenosides in leaves of Panax ginseng Meyer

Fig. 3

Expression pattern of ginsenoside triterpenoid biosynthetic genes in ginseng leaf tissues under various light conditions. A Heat map showing the expression pattern of ginsenoside biosynthetic genes. B Expression pattern of candidate UGT genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Real-time PCR quantification of canonical ginsenoside genes encoding 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR, Pg_S), farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS), squalene synthase (SS), and dammarenediol synthase (DDS) from C light-quality treated ginseng adventitious roots (adv roots) and D 2-year-old plants. Values represent means ± SE with three biological replicates (n = 5). Values marked with stars differ from white light significantly according to the student’s t-test: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. The shift from blue to red in heat map corresponds to the increasing FPKM value. WL: white light; BL: blue light; RL: red light; FRL: far-red light

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