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Fig. 4 | Applied Biological Chemistry

Fig. 4

From: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with Ligularia fischeri against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Caenorhabditis elegans model

Fig. 4

Chemical profiling of LFE. A UPLC–PDA chromatogram of LFE. B The chemical structures of isolated compounds 1 − 3. C Antimicrobial activities against S. aureus KCTC3881 of isolated compounds C1–C3. APDT with isolated compounds (10 µg/mL; incubation time, 30 min) against S. aureus under red light (20 W/m2; 30 min). Ampicillin (100 µg/mL) and APDT with pheophorbide were used as positive controls. The data are expressed as mean ± standard error (n = 2) and representative of three independences. ns indicates no statistical significance relative to the control group. Significant differences are expressed with * for p < 0.05, ** for p < 0.01, and *** for p < 0.001 relative to the vehicle control. The log reductions compared with vehicle control are presented in each column

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