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Applied Biological Chemistry
Fig. 7 | Applied Biological Chemistry

Fig. 7

From: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with Ligularia fischeri against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Caenorhabditis elegans model

Fig. 7

Effects of APDT efficacy on lifespan A and bacterial attachment B in MRSA-infected C. elegans. Adult worms were incubated with fresh MRSA suspension for 24 h. Then, LFE (20 µg/mL) was treated for 30 min. DMSO was used as the control group. Next, the worms were allowed to crawl to blank NGM agar twice before the irradiation to red light at 600 W/m2 for 5 min. The worms were then assessed for survival rate every day (A). The p-value according to the MRSA single treatment is presented. The data are representative of three independent experiments. Five worms from each treatment plate were also moved to fresh LB broth and spread onto LB agar for CFU determination of viable bacteria associated with C. elegans (B). The data are reported as mean ± standard error of duplicates and representative of three independent experiments. ns indicates no statistical significance relative to MRSA; significant differences are expressed with *** for p < 0.001 relative to MRSA. The log reductions compared with MRSA are presented in each column

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