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Applied Biological Chemistry
Fig. 1 | Applied Biological Chemistry

Fig. 1

From: Assessing bioavailability and genotoxicity of heavy metals and metallic nanoparticles simultaneously using dual-sensing Escherichia coli whole-cell bioreporters

Fig. 1

Toxic effects of heavy metal(loid)s on E. coli WCBs. (A) Growth curves of WCBs exposed to heavy metal(loid)s. The growth curves indicating toxic effects on E. coli were obtained by measuring the OD600 over 18 h. (B) Fluorescence signal of eGFP that was induced by the exposure of WCBs to heavy metal(loid)s. The induction of eGFP indicating genotoxic effects was measured by fluorescence spectrometry using 480/510 nm excitation/emission wavelengths. (C) SF values of WCBs exposed to heavy metal(loid)s. The SF was defined as the fluorescence signal of eGFP divided by the OD600 of WCBs to normalize the inhibitory effects of heavy metal(loid)s on growth. MMC was used as a reference genotoxin

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