Inhibitory effects of three monoterpenes from ginger essential oil on growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus and their gene regulation in aflatoxin biosynthesis

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 1 Effects of monoterpenes present in ginger essential oil on Aspergillus flavus growth

Compound	Concentration (μg/mL)	Dry weight (mg)	Growth rate (%)
Isoborneol	1000¹	0^a	0
	500²	7.3 ± 1.4^b	11.9 ± 2.2
	250²	32.3 ± 28.6^c	45.7 ± 40.5
	100³	58.5 ± 10.9^d	93.2 ± 17.4
γ-Terpinene	1000⁴	16.7 ± 18.9^a	21.3 ± 24.1
	100²	32.1 ± 22.0^b	52.2 ± 35.7
	10²	76.0 ± 5.1^c	123.5 ± 8.4
Citral	1000⁴	0^a	0
	100²	43.9 ± 38.0^b	71.3 ± 61.8
	10²	63.7 ± 11.9^b	103.5 ± 19.3

*Different letters indicate statistically different from the control (p < 0.05). These values are used for the control when compared to each experiment
Concentrations in control after tests: ¹74.0 ± 4.7; ²61.5 ± 5.9; ³62.8 ± 15.1; ⁴78.4 ± 10.0