Table 5 Detection of Orostachys species in eight commercial O. japonica products by qPCR using the developed primer sets

18S rRNA primer

10.94 ± 0.03

12.77 ± 0.07

12.2 ± 0.04

12.38 ± 0.08

12.06 ± 0.16

13.69 ± 0.31

11.77 ± 0.15

13.29 ± 0.17

O. japonica trnT-L primer

16.24 ± 0.17

16.01 ± 0.01

17.24 ± 0.2

18.19 ± 0.07

17.56 ± 0.08

11.27 ± 0.07

17.01 ± 0.06

17.36 ± 0.05

O. japonica ndhF primer

17.54 ± 0.04

17.27 ± 0.04

18.87 ± 0.32

18.98 ± 0.32

18.94 ± 0.03

12.26 ± 0.08

18.08 ± 0.09

19.23 ± 0.15

O. japonica rpoB primer

18.07 ± 0.14

17.86 ± 0.54

19.95 ± 0.38

19.61 ± 0.15

19.52 ± 0.10

12.98 ± 0.02

18.34 ± 0.05

19.47 ± 0.23

O. iwarenge and O. malacophyllus matK primer

ND

ND

ND

ND

33.75 ± 0.28

28.36 ± 0.37

ND

ND

O. iwarenge and O. malacophyllus trnS-G primer

33.86 ± 0.95

35.23 ± 3.37

32.6 ± 0.11

34.6 ± 1.61

30.58 ± 0.22

28.39 ± 0.11

ND^a

32.39 ± 4.03

O. iwarenge and O. malacophyllus trnQ-rps16 primer

33.42 ± 0.63

34.31 ± 1.33

30.84 ± 2.78

33.96 ± 0.38

31.22 ± 0.22

27.59 ± 0.27

32.52 ± 0.95

33.87 ± 0.76

O. iwarenge and O. malacophyllus ycf2 primer

29.28 ± 0.13

34.15 ± 0.48

36.36 ± 0.23

34.53 ± 0.88

29.18 ± 0.34

27.27 ± 0.07

29.26 ± 0.05

31.88 ± 0.54

O. latiellipticus and O. ramosus matK primer

34.75 ± 1.65

34.99 ± 0.59

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

O. latiellipticus and O. ramosus trnT-L primer

24.91 ± 0.26

28.34 ± 0.1

31.22 ± 0.83

29.42 ± 0.31

28.46 ± 0.26

25.15 ± 0.35

28.68 ± 1.02

29.15 ± 0.88

O. latiellipticus and O. ramosus trnQ-rps16 primer

32.03 ± 0.36

31.24 ± 3.05

34.16 ± 1.28

33.84 ± 0.27

30.76 ± 0.43

28.61 ± 0.14

33.51 ± 0.64

32.71 ± 0.57

O. latiellipticus and O. ramosus ITS primer

24.8 ± 0.44

34.64 ± 0.66

35.33 ± 0.11

35.52 ± 0.91

33.21 ± 2.46

33.91 ± 0.75

33.98 ± 0.1

33.67 ± 0.93

O. margaritifolius ndhF primer

36.44 ± 0.74

ND

36.3 ± 2.01

37.02 ± 1.31

33.34 ± 0.46

33.73 ± 0.57

35.64 ± 0.23

36.23 ± 0.48