Table 3 Residual concentrations of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil in each divided tissue sample of raw and wax removal-treated (WRT) apples after submerging in diluted solutions of fungicide
From: Effects of cuticular waxes on permeation of fungicides azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil into apples
Fungicide | Washing treatment | Apple part | Residual concentrationa (ng g−1) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incubation for 1 h | Incubation for 24 h | Incubation for 48 h | ||||||
Raw | WRT | Raw | WRT | Raw | WRT | |||
Azoxystrobin | No | Peel | 336.0 ± 5.2 | 346.1 ± 0.5 | 328.7 ± 0.9 | 400.0 ± 0.5 | 340.5 ± 0.4 | 441.7 ± 0.9 |
Pulp-1 | 7.9 ± 0.2 | 20.9 ± 0.0 | 11.7 ± 0.0 | 22.4 ± 0.1 | 12.1 ± 0.0 | 24.6 ± 0.0 | ||
Pulp-2 | < LOQ | < LOQ | 3.3 ± 0.0 | 4.3 ± 0.0 | 3.7 ± 0.0 | 6.2 ± 0.0 | ||
Pulp-3 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | ||
Yes | Peel | 63.5 ± 0.3 | 29.6 ± 0.6 | 72.4 ± 0.1 | 40.6 ± 0.6 | 103.1 ± 0.9 | 52.0 ± 0.6 | |
Pulp-1 | 8.4 ± 0.0 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 12.7 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 14.2 ± 0.2 | 13.3 ± 0.1 | ||
Pulp-2 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | 2.5 ± 0.0 | 3.1 ± 0.0 | ||
Pulp-3 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | ||
Chlorothalonil | No | Peel | 421.4 ± 0.4 | 446.6 ± 0.9 | 407.3 ± 0.3 | 498.6 ± 0.0 | 407.3 ± 0.6 | 581.0 ± 0.3 |
Pulp-1 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | ||
Pulp-2 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | ||
Pulp-3 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | ||
Yes | Peel | 37.5 ± 0.0 | 7.6 ± 0.0 | 39.6 ± 0.0 | 8.1 ± 0.0 | 63.2 ± 0.0 | 8.9 ± 0.0 | |
Pulp-1 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | ||
Pulp-2 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | ||
Pulp-3 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | ||