Table 2 Comparison of maximum adsorption capacities of different adsorbents

By-product materials

DCB

55

4

6

25–100

Baek et al. [25]

OPTE

149

5

1.5

25–300

Hameed and El-Khaiary [26]

Rattan sawdust

63

5

1.5

25–300

Hameed and El-Khaiary [27]

Lignin

31

5

2

5–300

In this study

Synthetic materials

Algae-AC

118

5

1

20–100

Vasanth Kumar et al. [31]

ADR-AC

9

5

6

10–100

Zhang et al. [32]

Bamboo-AC

264

NM

1

25–300

Hameed and El-Khaiary, [33]

Activated rice husk

12

7

1

10–100

Chowdhury et al. [22]

Rice husk-AC

83

5–6

1

10–100

Rahman et al. [34]

Chitosan-bentonite bead

435

6

0.28

20–60

Ngah et al. [23]

Ginger waste with H₂SO₄ + ZnCl₂

84

NM

1

5–20

Ahmad and Kumar [35]

Groundnut shell-AC

222

NM

0.7

5–200

Malik et al. [36]

Lignite-AC

149

natural

2

100–400

Önal et al. [37]

OMC

41

6

8

10–500

Arellano-Cárdenas et al. [24]

Natural materials

Bentonite

179

5

10

50–300

Bulut et al. [28]

Clay soil

79

6

3

10–100

Saha et al. [29]

Zeolite

24

~4

3

20–160

Han et al. [30]

Humic acid

6

5

2

5–300

In this study