Table 1 Selected properties of soil and mandarin by-product

Soil

pH (1:5 with H₂O)

6.71

Total nitrogen (g kg⁻¹)

1.05

Organic matter (g kg⁻¹)

17.6

Available phosphorus (mg kg⁻¹)

142

Cation exchange capacity (cmol_c kg⁻¹)

6.85

Exchangeable cation (cmol_c kg⁻¹)

 Ca

4.76

 K

0.42

 Mg

0.93

 Na

0.38

Total concentration of cadmium (mg kg⁻¹)

trace

Bulk density (g m⁻³)

1.41

Soil texture

Sandy loam

 Clay (%)

14.9

 Silt (%)

25.7

 Sand (%)

59.4

Mandarin by-product

(Citrus reticulate)

pH (1:5 with H₂O)

4.02

Total nitrogen (g kg⁻¹)

22.9

Organic matter (g kg⁻¹)

85.1

Total concentration of cadmium (mg kg⁻¹)

trace

Citric acid (%, wt wt⁻¹)

1.65