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Table 2 Concentrations of Cd fractions in soils amended with and without citric acid (CA) after a 6-week incubation at 25 °C; differing superscript letters in columns indicate significant differences; p = 0.05

From: Evaluation of the effects of mandarin (Citrus reticulate) by-products containing citric acid on immobilization of cadmium in arable soils

Treatment

Cadmium fraction (mg kg−1)

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

Sum

Total

Recovery rate (%)

Control

4.62b

11.8a

2.75a

0.94a

0.75b

20.9

20.4

102

CA

5.66a

9.17b

2.72a

0.98a

2.24a

20.8

20.2

103