Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 4 Distributions of cadmium (Cd) fractions in soils amended with various quantities of mandarin by-product (MB) for 6 weeks at 25 °C; values with differing letters within a column are significantly different; p = 0.05

From: Evaluation of the effects of mandarin (Citrus reticulate) by-products containing citric acid on immobilization of cadmium in arable soils

Addition rate of MB (g kg⁻¹)	Cadmium fraction (%)					Cadmium concentration (mg kg⁻¹)
Addition rate of MB (g kg⁻¹)	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	Sum¹	Total²	Recovery rate (%)³
0	22.1^a	56.6^ab	4.5^a	13.2^a	3.6^c	20.9	20.4	102
10	23.0^a	54.9^b	4.6^a	13.5^a	4.0^c	19.7	20.0	98.5
20	18.8^b	57.8^ab	4.8^a	12.4^a	6.2^b	18.3	18.8	97.4
40	14.1^c	60.2^a	5.2^a	12.4^a	8.1^a	16.5	16.1	103

¹Denotes sum of each Cd fraction concentration
²Denotes total Cd concentration measured using the aqua regia digestion method
³Recovery rate (%) = (Sum/Total) × 100

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