Fig. 4

Increase in total ROS level after carnosol treatment in G361 cells. a Cells were treated with carnosol (20, 50 or 100 μM) for 12 h and cells were stained with 25 μM of DCF-DA. Then, intracellular accumulation of ROS was examined by fluorescence microscopy (×200) or analyzed by flow cytometry (b, left panel). H₂O₂ (500 μM)-treated cells were used as positive control. The increase in the intensity of DCF-DA fluorescence was compared to blank group, and plotted as a graph using geomean value (c, right panel). **p < 0.01 compared to control group