Table 1 Characteristics of the selected soils before plot installation, and meteorological properties for the last 30 years

Location (GPS)

36° 22′ 20.4″ N, 127° 19′ 52.0″ E

36° 22′ 23.7″ N, 127° 19′ 39.5″ E

35° 49′ 43.76″ N, 127° 02′ 39.03″ E

36° 22′ 23.7″ N, 127° 19′ 39.5″ E

35° 14′ 05.25″ N, 128° 09′ 59.89″ E

35° 10′ 82.33″ N, 128° 11′ 64.87″ E

Soil properties

 Soil texture

Sand Clay Loam

Sandy Loam

Loam

Silt Clay Loam

Clay Loam

Silt Loam

 Sand (%)

57

66

37

14

39

26

 Silt (%)

22

17

40

53

33

53

 Clay (%)

21

16

22

33

29

21

 pH (1:5, H₂O)

5.5

5.4

7.7

7.0

6.5

6.6

 Soil organic C (g kg⁻¹)

11.6

8.5

8.03

19.1

14.2

17.1

 Available P (mg kg⁻¹)

110.9

133.4

102.1

123.1

108.1

110.4

Exchangeable cation (cmol⁺ kg⁻¹)

 K⁺

0.38

0.55

0.53

0.67

0.23

0.21

 Ca²⁺

1.73

1.64

5.30

5.11

6.23

6.11

 Mg²⁺

0.62

0.71

1.50

0.91

1.52

1.81

Meteorological properties

 Annual mean temperature (°C)

13.0

13.0

12.9

13.6

13.4

13.2

 Annual precipitation (mm)

1366

1366

1289

1223

1533

1528

 Annual sunshine hours (h)

2229

2229

2078

2076

2250

2244