Co-composting of chicken manure with organic wastes: characterization of gases emissions and compost quality

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 1 Properties of composting materials for this study (mean value ± standard deviation from triplicate measurements)

	Chicken	Cow	Swine	Chicken + residue	Spent medium	LSD_0.05
pH	7.09 ± 0.01d¹	7.97 ± 0.02a	7.65 ± 0.01b	6.82 ± 0.01e	7.24 ± 0.04c	0.041
EC (dS m⁻¹)	3.76 ± 0.10d	4.45 ± 0.02b	4.18 ± 0.02c	4.75 ± 0.03a	1.81 ± 0.00e	0.098
TC (%)	30.61 ± 0.52d	35.32 ± 0.23b	29.12 ± 0.55e	32.53 ± 0.16c	44.53 ± 0.07a	0.660
TN (%)	5.81 ± 0.19a	2.54 ± 0.01c	2.88 ± 0.01b	2.05 ± 0.01d	1.65 ± 0.05e	0.163
C/N	5.28 ± 0.25e	13.89 ± 0.05c	10.11 ± 0.18d	15.84 ± 0.19b	27.06 ± 0.86a	0.762
TP (%)	16.89 ± 1.32a	8.66 ± 1.01b	17.56 ± 7.37a	12.91 ± 0.62b	6.07 ± 2.22b	6.409
WEC (g kg⁻¹)	29.53 ± 6.24a	18.77 ± 0.55b	18.41 ± 5.42b	31.01 ± 6.69a	16.32 ± 0.63b	8.154
WEN (g kg⁻¹)	6.08 ± 1.15a	3.72 ± 0.05b	3.66 ± 0.99b	7.26 ± 1.19a	3.32 ± 0.21b	2.233
HWEC (g kg⁻¹)	14.54 ± 0.27a	13.65 ± 0.31a	13.75 ± 0.31a	11.30 ± 0.26b	7.43 ± 0.98c	2.155
HWEN (g kg⁻¹)	6.18 ± 0.07a	2.67 ± 0.04b	3.42 ± 0.15b	2.97 ± 0.03b	1.70 ± 0.16c	2.411
K (mg kg⁻¹)	20.61 ± 0.58b	23.43 ± 0.21a	22.80 ± 0.47ab	17.74 ± 1.02c	10.23 ± 0.37d	1.567
Ca (mg kg⁻¹)	41.55 ± 6.37a	10.14 ± 0.67c	34.83 ± 2.51ab	33.66 ± 0.87ab	27.44 ± 0.51bc	11.356
Mg (mg kg⁻¹)	8.88 ± 0.27b	7.23 ± 0.14c	12.87 ± 0.17 a	6.98 ± 0.22d	4.49 ± 0.22d	0.803
Na (mg kg⁻¹)	3.73 ± 0.11c	5.22 ± 0.04ab	4.81 ± 0.07b	6.98 ± 0.01a	1.22 ± 0.13d	0.367

OC Only chicken manure, CC chicken + cow manure, CS chicken + swine manure, CRM chicken manure + plant residue + spent medium, TC total carbon, TN total nitrogen, TP total phosphorous, WEC and WEN water extractable carbon and water extractable nitrogen, HWEC and HWEN Hot-water extractable carbon and hot-water extractable nitrogen
¹Different letters in the same line indicate significant difference among treatments at LSD_0.05