Fig. 3

Effects of CTC and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) on the growth and physiology of B. campestris seedlings. Photograph of seedlings (a) and quantification of primary root length in seedlings (b) treated with CTC alone or in combination with DPI. c Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of RBOHD and RBOHF genes at the seedling stage. Expression of genes was normalized to that of Actin7. The qRT-PCR experiments were replicated four times with similar results. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 12). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences relative to the control (0 mg/L, CTC) (Student’s t-test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)