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Applied Biological Chemistry
Fig. 4 | Applied Biological Chemistry

Fig. 4

From: Evidence of multi-functional peptide activity: potential role of KT2 and RT2 for anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis properties

Fig. 4

Effect of peptides KT2 and RT2 on inflammation-associated mRNA expression. The production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (a), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (b), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) (c), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK-1) (d), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (e) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) (f) were analyzed from tested macrophages RAW 264.7. The expression levels of PCR products were normalized using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The relative gene expression of peptide(−)/LPS(−) group (control group) was set at 1. Bars depict the mean and standard deviations. Different lowercase letters on the top of individual bars indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05)

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