Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from Vitisvinifera leaf litter and its adsorption performance for aqueous phenanthrene

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 5 Adsorption kinetics parameters for the removal of phenanthrene from aqueous solution using activated carbons obtained from V. vinifera

Models	Parameters	ZAac	ZBac	PAac
Pseudo first order kinetics	\(q_{e}\)	0.46	0.73	0.70
	\(K_{1}\) (min−1) × 10⁻²	3.59	2.87	2.34
	R²	0.82	0.63	0.53
Pseudo second order kinetics	\(q_{e}\) (mg/g)	38.78	50.37	62.58
	\(K_{2}\) (g (mg/min))	0.76	0.69	0.64
	R²	0.85	0.75	0.69
Elovich rate equation	α (mg/g min)	0.06	0.05	0.04
	β (g/mg)	3.24	3.16	3.16
	R²	0.88	0.90	0.94
Intraparticle diffusion	\(K_{id}\)	0.09	0.03	0.03
	C	0.08	0.08	0.08
	R²	0.73	0.75	0.82

ZAac: activated with ZnCl₂ at 5:2 biomass to ZnCl₂ ratio, ZBac: activated with ZnCl₂ at 5:1 biomass to ZnCl₂ ratio, PAac: activated with H₃PO₄ at 5:2 biomass to H₃PO₄ ratio