Table 1 ¹H NMR assignment of metabolites in wines

1

Valine

0.88(d), 1.02(d)

C4H₃,C5H₃

2

2,3-Butanediol

1.15(d)

C1H₃+C4H₃

3

Ethanol

1.19(t), 3.56(q)

C2H₃,C1H₂

4

Proline

2.00(m), 2.07(m), 2.35(m), 3.35(m), 3.42(m), 4.16(m)

γ-CH₂,β-CH,β’-CH,δ-CH,δ-CH,α-CH

5

Succinic acid

2.65(s)

C2H₂+C3H₂

6

Ethyl acetate

1.26(t), 4.16(q)

C4H₃, C3H₂

7

Tartaric acid

4.51(s)

C2H+C3H

8

β-Glucose

4.61 (d)

βC1H

9

α-Glucose

5.33(d)

αC1H

10

Gallic acid

7.14(s)

C2H+C6H

11

Glycerol

3.58(q), 3.67(m), 3.81(m)

C2H₂,C3H₂,C1H

12

Lactic acid

1.39(d), 4.16(m)

C3H₃,C2H

13

Choline

3.20(s)

N-CH₃

14

α-d-Glucuronic acid

5.35(d)

C1H

15

Malic acid

2.74(dd), 2.87(dd), 4.46(q)

βCH₂,β’CH₂, CH

16

Citric acid

2.82(d), 2.94(d)

C2H_a+C4H_a,C2H_b+C4H_b

17

Alanine

1.51(d)

βCH₃

18

Tyrosine

6.86(d),7.19(d)

C2H,C3H

19

D-Sucrose

5.46(d), 3.55(dd), 3.72(dd), 3.90(dd), 4.215(d), 4.05(dd), 3.88(dd)

C1H,C2H,C3H,C4H,C1′H,C2′H,C3′H

20

γ-Aminobutyric acid

2.50(t), 1.96(m), 3.05(t)

α-CH₂,β-CH₂, γ-CH₂