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Table 3 Estimated daily intake of antioxidant contents and activities from tomato, tomato processed product, and watermelon in the Korean diet according to gender

From: Estimation of daily intake of lycopene, antioxidant contents and activities from tomatoes, watermelons, and their processed products in Korea

Gender

Brands

Total flavonoids (mg RE/capita/day)

Total phenolics (mg GAE/capita/day)

Lycopene (mg/capita/day)

Antioxidant capacities (mg VCE/capita/day)

DPPH

ABTS

Male

Tomato

4.51 ± 2.03a

6.67 ± 2.64a

0.99 ± 0.31a

4.15 ± 1.82a

7.60 ± 3.49a

Tomato juice

1.71 ± 0.42b

0.95 ± 0.16b

0.09 ± 0.04d

0.25 ± 0.15b

0.61 ± 0.17b

Tomato ketchup

4.00 ± 0.79a

1.78 ± 0.25b

0.33 ± 0.08c

0.32 ± 0.06b

0.95 ± 0.13b

Watermelon

1.73 ± 0.54b

1.80 ± 0.15b

0.57 ± 0.13b

0.49 ± 0.12b

1.05 ± 0.15b

Sum

11.95

11.19

1.98

5.20

10.21

Female

Tomato

5.25 ± 2.36a

7.76 ± 3.08a

1.15 ± 0.36a

4.83 ± 2.12a

8.84 ± 4.06a

Tomato juice

1.16 ± 0.29b

0.65 ± 0.11b

0.07 ± 0.03c

0.28 ± 0.15b

0.42 ± 0.12b

Tomato ketchup

2.33 ± 0.46b

1.04 ± 0.15b

0.20 ± 0.05c

0.18 ± 0.03b

0.55 ± 0.08b

Watermelon

1.58 ± 0.50b

1.65 ± 0.14b

0.52 ± 0.12b

0.45 ± 0.11b

0.96 ± 0.14b

Sum

10.32

11.08

1.92

5.73

10.77

Average

Tomato

4.88 ± 2.19a

7.21 ± 2.86a

1.07 ± 0.34a

4.49 ± 1.97a

8.22 ± 3.77a

Tomato juice

1.44 ± 0.36c

0.80 ± 0.14b

0.08 ± 0.03c

0.21 ± 0.12b

0.51 ± 0.14b

Tomato ketchup

3.17 ± 0.62b

1.41 ± 0.20b

0.26 ± 0.07c

0.25 ± 0.05b

0.75 ± 0.11b

Watermelon

1.65 ± 0.52c

1.72 ± 0.15b

0.54 ± 0.13b

0.47 ± 0.11b

1.00 ± 0.15b

Sum

11.14

11.14

1.95

5.41

10.49

  1. Results are mean values ± standard deviation from three measurements (n = 3) of each sample; means in the same column with superscript with different letters (a, b, c, and d) are significantly different at p < 0.05. (RE rutin equivalent, GAE gallic acid equivalent, VCE vitamin C equivalent)