Sorption of urea hydrogen peroxide by co-pyrolysed bone meal and cow dung slowed-down phosphorus and nitrogen releases but boosted agronomic efficiency

Luyima, Deogratius; Sung, Jwakyung; Lee, Jae-Han; Woo, Seong-Ah; Park, Seong-Jin; Oh, Taek-Keun

doi:10.1186/s13765-020-00535-9

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 3 Yield components

From: Sorption of urea hydrogen peroxide by co-pyrolysed bone meal and cow dung slowed-down phosphorus and nitrogen releases but boosted agronomic efficiency

Growing seasons	Treatments	Shoot weight (g/pot)	Shoot length (cm)	No. of leaves (per plant)	Leaf width (cm)	Leaf length (cm)	Root weight (g)	Root length (cm)
	CDTP-Urea	78.45 ± 5.34f	22.30 ± 1.04e	16.00 ± 1.00c	6.90 ± 0.17f	15.67 ± 1.15d	15.97 ± 0.06e	19.00 ± 0.46e
	CDTP-UHP	82.53 ± 3.88 g	23.60 ± 0.44f	15.00 ± 1.73bc	7.73 ± 0.51 g	16.33 ± 0.58d	16.53 ± 0.46f	20.50 ± 0.82f
	CDBM 1-Urea	71.87 ± 1.63de	19.13 ± 1.2cbc	15.33 ± 0.58bc	5.90 ± 0.62e	14.50 ± 0.50c	14.03 ± 0.03d	17.10 ± 0.75d
Season 1	CDBM 1-UHP	74.20 ± 2.11e	20.50 ± 0.50d	15.00 ± 1.00bc	5.33 ± 0.58c	14.80 ± 0.20c	14.10 ± 0.30d	17.70 ± 0.36d
	CDBM 2-Urea	67.63 ± 1.52 cd	17.80 ± 0.95cbc	13.00 ± 0.00b	5.63 ± 0.15de	13.33 ± 0.42b	12.89 ± 0.25bc	15.70 ± 0.53c
	CDBM 2-UHP	71.00 ± 2.00d	18.20 ± 0.36bc	14.00 ± 1.00b	5.10 ± 0.10c	13.00 ± 0.30b	13.07 ± 0.11c	15.90 ± 0.10c
	TSP + Urea	58.00 ± 0.98b	17.00 ± 0.20b	19.00 ± 2.00d	4.33 ± 0.15b	16.00 ± 0.36d	12.44 ± 0.50b	13.50 ± 0.50b
	TSP + UHP	62.33 ± 2.42c	17.40 ± 0.70b	16.00 ± 2.65c	4.95 ± 0.06c	15.60 ± 0.20 cd	12.63 ± 0.21bc	13.40 ± 0.44b
	BC + Urea	63.60 ± 0.69c	17.9 ± 0.53cbc	14.67 ± 0.50bc	4.37 ± 0.12b	14.37 ± 0.47c	13.22 ± 0.33c	13.7 ± 0.35b
	BC + UHP	64.81 ± 1.60c	18.6 ± 0.79c	15.33 ± 0.35bc	5.50 ± 0.25d	14.83 ± 0.55c	13.46 ± 0.48c	13.67 ± 0.65b
	Control	37.16 ± 1.25a	9.50 ± 0.62a	6.00 ± 1.00a	3.67 ± 0.35a	5.67 ± 0.25a	3.99 ± 0.46a	5.30 ± 0.72a
	CDTP-Urea	102.20 ± 1.75f	26.53 ± 1.34d	21.67 ± 1.53d	8.17 ± 0.21d	14.93 ± 0.90de	26.26 ± 0.73dcd	20.00 ± 1.73 cd
	CDTP-UHP	123.30 ± 2.34 h	27.90 ± 1.01e	28.00 ± 1.00f	9.57 ± 0.51e	15.70 ± 0.36e	29.50 ± 1.32e	20.53 ± 1.36d
Season 2	CDBM 1-Urea	99.37 ± 1.12ef	25.23 ± 0.93 cd	18.67 ± 0.58c	7.33 ± 0.64 cd	14.67 ± 0.58d	24.18 ± 2.37 cd	20.30 ± 0.36 cd
	CDBM 1-UHP	109.98 ± 3.77 g	26.00 ± 1.00d	25.33 ± 1.53e	8.90 ± 0.85e	15.43 ± 0.51e	24.45 ± 1.08 cd	20.07 ± 0.67 cd
	CDBM 2-Urea	96.71 ± 2.06e	24.50 ± 0.72c	19.00 ± 1.73c	7.30 ± 0.53 cd	14.37 ± 1.00d	23.08 ± 1.76c	19.10 ± 0.85c
	CDBM 2-UHP	100.84 ± 2.26ef	26.40 ± 0.60d	19.33 ± 0.58c	7.77 ± 0.25d	15.60 ± 0.87e	23.21 ± 0.82c	19.57 ± 1.26 cd
	TSP + Urea	51.36 ± 3.24b	21.97 ± 0.95b	16.67 ± 0.58b	5.93 ± 0.12b	11.23 ± 0.25b	10.71 ± 0.45b	13.00 ± 0.87b
	TSP + UHP	62.88 ± 1.97c	22.70 ± 0.66b	17.00 ± 1.00b	6.37 ± 0.55bc	13.03 ± 0.35c	12.05 ± 0.83b	14.63 ± 0.32b
	BC + Urea	89.27 ± 5.14d	23.10 ± 0.36b	19.33 ± 0.58c	6.90 ± 0.36c	14.13 ± 0.86de	24.64 ± 0.62 cd	19.90 ± 1.15 cd
	BC + UHP	93.33 ± 2.10de	24.87 ± 0.57c	21.00 ± 1.00d	7.13 ± 0.32 cd	15.00 ± 0.30de	25.08 ± 1.08d	19.73 ± 1.76 cd
	Control	36.62 ± 2.02a	8.83 ± 0.29a	9.67 ± 0.58a	4.40 ± 0.17a	6.73 ± 0.46a	3.23 ± 0.18a	5.27 ± 0.47a

The letters (a–h) denote the significant differences between the different treatments based on the result of the Tukey posthoc test
BC bone char, TSP triple superphosphate, CDBM 1 75% cow dung + 25% bone meal (3:1 mixture), CDBM 2 50% cow dung + 50% bone meal (1:1 mixture), CDTP 75% cow dung + 25% bone meal.

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