Fig. 2

The effect of 18-nor-ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene-4β-ol on NO production and iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. a RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 18-nor-ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene-4β-ol for 6 h and then co-treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 18 h. The determination of NO from the cell culture media was measured by Griess assay. b RAW264.7 cells were treated with 18-nor-ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene-4β-ol at the indicated concentrations for 24 h. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay system and expressed as % cell viability. c For RT-PCR, RAW264.7 cells were pre-treated with novel compound at the indicated concentrations for 6 h and then co-treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for the additional 18 h. Total RNA was isolated and RT-PCR was performed for iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β. Values given are the mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05 compared to the cells without the treatment, and #P < 0.05 compared to the cells treated with LPS alone. GAPDH was used as an internal control for RT-PCR