Particle size of ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) insoluble dietary fiber and its effect on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 3 Density, flowability, and cohesiveness of ginseng IDF as affected by different particle sizes

	Bulk density (g/cm³)	Tapped density (g/cm³)	Carr index (%)	Flowability	Hausner ratio	Cohesiveness
M20	0.77 ± 0.01a	0.82 ± 0.03a	5.49 ± 3.04c	Very good	1.06 ± 0.03c	Low
M60	0.69 ± 0.02b	0.75 ± 0.01b	7.68 ± 2.52c	Very good	1.08 ± 0.03c	Low
M100	0.64 ± 0.01c	0.76 ± 0.02b	16.56 ± 0.89b	Good	1.20 ± 0.01b	Intermediate
M400	0.28 ± 0.02d	0.48 ± 0.02c	42.25 ± 2.32a	Bad	1.730 ± .07a	High

Values represent means ± standard deviations; Means followed by different letters (a–d) in the same column represent statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05); Carr index (which indicates flowability): very good (< 15%), good (15–20%), fair (20–35%), bad (35–45%), very bad (> 45%); Hausner ratio value: low cohesiveness (< 1.2), intermediate cohesiveness (1.2–1.4), high cohesiveness (> 1.4) [19]