Table 3 Summary of studies included in the systematic review
ID | Study (ref) | Subjects | Sample sizea | Agea (years) | Phytochemical | Intervention | Exercise program | Duration (week) | Country | Measured outcomesb,c | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle mass | Muscle strength | Physical performance | ||||||||||
1 | Park et al. [31] | Postmenopausal women | 24/21 | 62.8 ± 6.5/63.4 ± 6.0 | Schisandra chinensis (schizandrin) | 1 g/day or placebo | – | 12 | Korea | – | HGS | OLST |
2 | Kinoshita et al. [32] | Healthy women | 37/36 | 71.3 ± 5.1/71.0 ± 5.4 | Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (glabridin) | 300 mg/day or placebo | Resistance training program (twice a week) | 16 | Japan | MM | HGS, KESb | OLSTb |
3 | Varma et al. [33] | Healthy older adults | 15/15 | 69.8 ± 5.0/69.8 ± 5.0 | Turmeric (curcuminoids) | 500 mg/day or placebo | – | 12 | India | – | HGSb | – |
4 | Lim et al. [34] | Healthy older adults | 18/18 | 63.6 ± 1.4/64.7 ± 1.2 | Korean mistletoe (chlorogenic acid) | 2 g/day or placebo | Resistance training program (three times a week) | 12 | Korea | MMc, FM, FFMc, LMc, SMIc | HGS, KESc | TUGc, 6MWT |
5 | Kim et al. [35] | Healthy women | 32/32 | 80.0 ± 4.0/80.2 ± 5.6 | Green tea (catechins) | 350 ml/day or placebo | Exercise program (twice a week) | 12 | Japan | MMc | HGS, KES | TUGc |
6 | Wattanathorn et al. [36] | Healthy older adults | 15/15 | 62.7 ± 6.3/64.2 ± 7.0 | Kaempferia parviflora (methoxyflavone) | 100 ml/day or placebo | – | 8 | Thailand | – | HGS | 30-SCSTc, 6MWT |
7 | Aubertin-Leheudre et al. [37] | Sarcopenic-obese women | 12/6 | 58.0 ± 5.0/58.0 ± 5.0 | Soy (isoflavones) | 90 mg/day or placebo | – | 24 | Canada | FM, FFMb | – | – |
8 | Ha et al. [38] | Healthy women | 37/36 | 74.1 ± 4.7/76.0 ± 5.5 | Burdock (isoflavones) | 70 mg/day or placebo | Aqua exercise program (three times a week) | 12 | Korea | – | HGSd | TUGd, 6MWT, 30-SCST |
9 | Schrager et al. [39] | Healthy older adults | 15/15 | 69.5 ± 9.3/68.4 ± 7.7 | Blueberries (anthocyanins) | 6 cups of flash-frozen blueberries/week or placebo (carrot juice) | – | 6 | USA | – | HGS | – |
10 | Munguia et al. (study 1) [40] | Healthy older adults | 20/20 | 63.6 ± 2.4/63.0 ± 3.3 | Cocoa (proanthocyanidins, epicatechin) | Cocoa powder containing flavonoids (179 mg/day) or placebo (an alkalinized natural cocoa powder, no-flavonoids) | – | 12 | USA | SMI | HGS | TUGc |
11 | Munguia et al. (study 2) [40] | Healthy older adults | 34/27 | 76.1 ± 5.4/75.6 ± 6.2 | See ID 10 (above) | See ID 10 (above) | – | 8 | USA | – | HGS | TUGb, 6MWTb, 30-SCSTb, 2MSTb |
12 | Kim et al. [41] | Healthy older adults | 6/6 | 65.0 ± 5.0/69.2 ± 3.1 | Onions, Allium cepa L. (flavonoids) | 200 mg/day or placebo | Walking exercise program (three times a week) | 12 | Korea | MMc, FM | HGS | TUG, 30-SCSTc, 2MSTc |
13 | Terauchi et al. [42] | Healthy women | 30/29 | 49.8 ± 4.7/49.8 ± 5.2 | Grape seed (proanthocyanidin) | 36 g/day or placebo | – | 8 | Japan | MMb, FM, LMb | – | – |
14 | Choquette et al. [43] | Overweight-to-obese postmenopausal women | 10/12 | 59.0 ± 5.0/60.0 ± 5.0 | Soy (isoflavones) | 70 mg/day or placebo | Exercise program (three times a week) | 24 | Canada | LM | HGS | 30-SCST |