Table 6 List of amino acids, saccharides, and fatty acids in duckweeds

Proteins

 Amino acids

Alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine

[9, 15, 54, 116, 122]

 Amino acid derivatives

Citrulline, cystathionine, hydroxyproline, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and taurine

[54, 122]

Carbohydrates

 Sugars

Apiose, arabinose, fructose, fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose, raffinose, rhamnose, sucrose, and xylose

[10, 75]

 Polysaccharides

Inulin, pectin, and hemicellulose

[109, 120]

 Starch

Starch

[9, 75, 119]

Fats

 Long-chain fatty acids

Behenic acid, eicosanoic acid, 6-hexadecenoic acid, 2-hydroxypalmitic acid, lignoceric acid, α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, myristic acid, nonadecylic acid, oleic acid, palmitelaidic acid, palmitic acid, pentadecylic acid, stearic acid, and stearidonic acid

[9, 17, 32, 119, 120, 123, 124]

 Medium-chain fatty acids

Lauric acid

[120, 123]

 Short-chain fatty acids

C2, C3, C4, and C5

[28]