Animal carcass burial management: implications for sustainable biochar use

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 1 Carcass and corpse disposal events in the world

Country	Disposal events	Disposal method	Reference
Carcass disposal events
USA	Routine mortalities	Burial, Composting, Rendering	[11, 32, 36]
	Hurricane Floyd	Burial, Incineration, Composting, Rendering	[13, 34]
	Texas Flood	Burial, Incineration	[34]
	Exotic Newcastle Disease (END)	Burial	[13]
	Severe winter and flood	Burial, Incineration	[13]
	Avian influenza (AI)	Burial	[13]
	A chemical poisoning incident	Burial	[13]
	A fire accident	Burial	[13]
Taiwan	Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)	Burning, incineration, Rendering	[34, 149]
UK	Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)	Burial	[36]
	FMD	Burial Rendering Burning Incineration Composting	[13, 14, 36]
	AI	Incineration, Rendering	[150]
Korea	FMD	Burial	[94]
	AI	Burial	[94]
	Routine mortality	Burial, Rendering, Incineration	[11, 94]
Japan	FMD	Burial	[151]
Canada	AI and END	Composting	[152]
Netherlands	FMD and AI	Incineration, Composting	[150]
Hong Kong	AI	Incineration, Composting	[150]
Mass corpse disposal events
Rwanda	Genocide violence	Burial	[31]
Southeast Poland	World War I and II	Burial	[29]
Britain	World War II	Burial	[153]
Spain	Civil War	Burial	[154]
Haiti	Earthquake	Burial	[155]
Thailand	Tsunami	Burial, Cremation	[30]