Effects of the absorbent types on changes in benzo[a]pyrene and volatile compounds in sesame oil

Lee, Sang Mi; Jeong, Ji-Yoon; Lee, Joon-Goo; Kim, Young-Suk

doi:10.1186/s13765-021-00655-w

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 1 Volatile compounds in sesame oil filtrated with different type of adsorbents

From: Effects of the absorbent types on changes in benzo[a]pyrene and volatile compounds in sesame oil

No	RI^a	Volatile compounds	Relative peak area (Mean ± SD)^b
No	RI^a	Volatile compounds	Control^c	PP^d	GC^e	PC^f	GW^g	PW^h	PW + Acid clayⁱ
Pyrazines
a1	726	Pyrazine	0.452 ± 0.036 a^j	0.357 ± 0.085 a	0.398 ± 0.006 a	0.368 ± 0.111 a	0.371 ± 0.076 a	0.337 ± 0.022 a	0.348 ± 0.081 a
a2	820	2-Methylpyrazine	5.377 ± 0.614 a	4.129 ± 0.760 bc	5.169 ± 0.179 ab	4.269 ± 0.822 abc	4.731 ± 0.823 ab	4.845 ± 0.360 ab	3.340 ± 0.289 c
a3	908	2,5-Dimethylpyrazine	1.222 ± 0.144 a	1.024 ± 0.187 a	1.131 ± 0.139 a	1.092 ± 0.218 a	1.164 ± 0.171 a	1.008 ± 0.075 a	1.201 ± 0.270 a
a4	909	2,6-Dimethylpyrazine	0.552 ± 0.081 a	0.455 ± 0.058 a	0.470 ± 0.051 a	0.493 ± 0.085 a	0.484 ± 0.074 a	0.501 ± 0.025 a	0.766 ± 0.053 a
a5	912	Ethylpyrazine	0.420 ± 0.060 a	0.367 ± 0.075 c	0.357 ± 0.018 a	0.361 ± 0.086 a	0.344 ± 0.049 a	0.314 ± 0.020 a	0.352 ± 0.031 a
a6	913	2,4-Dimethylpyrazine	0.104 ± 0.013 a	0.073 ± 0.012 c	0.100 ± 0.001 ab	0.085 ± 0.016 bc	0.099 ± 0.008 ab	0.084 ± 0.007 bc	N.D d
a7	915	2,3-Dimethylpyrazine	0.136 ± 0.014 a	0.120 ± 0.018 a	0.131 ± 0.009 a	0.126 ± 0.021 a	0.116 ± 0.012 a	0.117 ± 0.005 a	0.164 ± 0.016 a
a8	927	Ethenylpyrazine	0.036 ± 0.004 a	0.031 ± 0.002 b	0.033 ± 0.002 ab	0.033 ± 0.007 ab	0.046 ± 0.015 a	0.028 ± 0.001 b	0.002 ± 0.003 c
a9	995	2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine	0.131 ± 0.006 a	0.113 ± 0.015 a	0.133 ± 0.013 a	0.120 ± 0.022 a	0.122 ± 0.016 a	0.116 ± 0.009 a	0.124 ± 0.012 a
a10	998	2-Ethyl-5-methylpyrazine	0.105 ± 0.006 a	0.086 ± 0.015 a	0.101 ± 0.010 a	0.100 ± 0.018 a	0.093 ± 0.015 a	0.087 ± 0.007 a	0.108 ± 0.014 a
a11	999	Trimethylpyrazine	0.136 ± 0.009 a	0.124 ± 0.023 a	0.140 ± 0.002 a	0.135 ± 0.021 a	0.125 ± 0.019 a	0.118 ± 0.006 a	0.184 ± 0.02 a
a12	1002	2-Ethyl-3-methylpyrazine	0.066 ± 0.002 a	0.061 ± 0.008 ab	0.061 ± 0.003 ab	0.064 ± 0.012 ab	0.057 ± 0.008 ab	0.053 ± 0.003 bc	N.D c
a13	1014	2-Ethenyl-6-methylpyrazine	0.014 ± 0.003 ab	0.011 ± 0.003 abc	0.010 ± 0.000 bc	0.008 ± 0.001 c	0.014 ± 0.003 a	0.010 ± 0.001 bc	0.001 ± 0.002 d
a14	1019	2-Acetylpyrazine	0.053 ± 0.001 ab	0.044 ± 0.003 b	0.054 ± 0.004 ab	0.052 ± 0.009 ab	0.058 ± 0.008 a	0.052 ± 0.004 ab	0.023 ± 0.003 c
a15	1076	3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine	0.092 ± 0.012 a	0.083 ± 0.015 a	0.092 ± 0.008 a	0.087 ± 0.011 a	0.090 ± 0.013 a	0.078 ± 0.005 a	0.099 ± 0.011 a
a16	1082	2-Ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine	0.012 ± 0.000 a	0.010 ± 0.003 b	0.013 ± 0.001 a	0.012 ± 0.001 a	0.013 ± 0.001 a	0.012 ± 0.001 a	0.003 ± 0.003 b
a17	1084	2,3-Dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine	0.013 ± 0.001 a	0.012 ± 0.002 a	0.013 ± 0.000 a	0.012 ± 0.002 a	0.015 ± 0.002 a	0.012 ± 0.001 a	0.002 ± 0.003 b
a18	1113	2-Acetyl-3-methylpyrazine	0.021 ± 0.001 abc	0.017 ± 0.002 c	0.022 ± 0.000 ab	0.020 ± 0.004 bc	0.024 ± 0.001 a	0.017 ± 0.001 c	N.D d
Furans and furfurals
b1	< 700	2-Methylfuran	0.340 ± 0.007 b	0.414 ± 0.009 a	0.282 ± 0.005 c	0.261 ± 0.042 c	0.289 ± 0.017 c	0.352 ± 0.017 b	0.272 ± 0.011 c
b2	706	2,5-Dimethylfuran	0.076 ± 0.008 a	0.051 ± 0.002 b	0.072 ± 0.004 a	0.058 ± 0.010 b	0.073 ± 0.004 a	0.070 ± 0.006 a	0.075 ± 0.005 a
b3	805	Dihydro-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone	0.053 ± 0.002 a	0.037 ± 0.003 c	0.050 ± 0.003 ab	0.041 ± 0.006 bc	0.053 ± 0.001 a	0.046 ± 0.003 ab	0.052 ± 0.005 a
b4	830	Furfural	0.241 ± 0.028 a	0.195 ± 0.016 b	0.194 ± 0.004 b	0.191 ± 0.033 b	0.182 ± 0.006 b	0.186 ± 0.013 b	0.214 ± 0.018 ab
b5	851	2-(2-Propenyl)-furan	0.015 ± 0.002 a	0.011 ± 0.001 b	0.013 ± 0.001 b	0.011 ± 0.002 b	0.015 ± 0.000 a	0.013 ± 0.000 b	0.004 ± 0.001 c
b6	856	2-Furanmethanol	0.594 ± 0.072 a	0.494 ± 0.076 ab	0.584 ± 0.079 a	0.526 ± 0.089 a	0.572 ± 0.060 a	0.531 ± 0.033 a	0.38 ± 0.041 b
b7	884	5-Methylene-2(5H)-furanone	0.024 ± 0.002 a	0.021 ± 0.003 ab	0.022 ± 0.002 b	0.019 ± 0.003 ab	0.022 ± 0.002 ab	0.020 ± 0.002 b	N.D c
b8	708	5-Methyl-3(2H)-furanone	0.017 ± 0.002 ab	0.013 ± 0.004 b	0.017 ± 0.002 ab	0.018 ± 0.004 a	0.015 ± 0.001 ab	0.016 ± 0.001 ab	N.D c
b9	944	2,5-Dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone	0.029 ± 0.003 a	0.023 ± 0.003 b	0.026 ± 0.003 ab	0.027 ± 0.005 ab	0.026 ± 0.003 ab	0.023 ± 0.002 b	0.005 ± 0.001 c
b10	961	5-Methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde	0.106 ± 0.013 a	0.082 ± 0.016 a	0.098 ± 0.011 a	0.092 ± 0.018 a	0.089 ± 0.010 a	0.088 ± 0.004 a	0.057 ± 0.007 b
b11	991	2-Pentyl-furan	0.016 ± 0.002 b	0.013 ± 0.000 c	0.020 ± 0.001 a	0.012 ± 0.003 c	0.019 ± 0.001 ab	0.017 ± 0.002 ab	0.017 ± 0.001 ab
b12	1032	Dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone	0.017 ± 0.002 ab	0.009 ± 0.001 c	0.019 ± 0.002 a	0.011 ± 0.001 c	0.019 ± 0.002 a	0.015 ± 0.001 b	N.D d
Thiazoles
c1	735	Thiazole	0.292 ± 0.030 a	0.109 ± 0.005 d	0.157 ± 0.017 bc	0.132 ± 0.011 cd	0.177 ± 0.024 b	0.158 ± 0.025 bc	0.167 ± 0.013 bc
c2	804	2-Methylthiazole	0.097 ± 0.010 a	0.077 ± 0.007 b	0.087 ± 0.001 ab	0.085 ± 0.010 ab	0.094 ± 0.008 ab	0.086 ± 0.011 ab	0.059 ± 0.008 c
c3	812	4-Methylthiazole	0.206 ± 0.025 ab	0.165 ± 0.005 bc	0.173 ± 0.003 bc	0.169 ± 0.036 bc	0.178 ± 0.026 bc	0.154 ± 0.027 c	0.243 ± 0.022 a
c4	843	5-Methylthiazole	0.105 ± 0.011 a	0.076 ± 0.003 c	0.094 ± 0.007 ab	0.083 ± 0.012 bc	0.099 ± 0.015 ab	0.083 ± 0.002 bc	0.015 ± 0.000 d
c5	870	4,5-Dihydro-2-methylthiazole	0.022 ± 0.003 a	0.014 ± 0.004 b	0.013 ± 0.002 b	0.012 ± 0.002 b	0.020 ± 0.001 a	0.011 ± 0.001 b	N.D c
c6	880	2,4-Dimethylthiazole	0.191 ± 0.032 a	0.154 ± 0.031 a	0.169 ± 0.012 a	0.174 ± 0.031 a	0.168 ± 0.022 a	0.156 ± 0.013 a	0.196 ± 0.014 a
c7	898	2-Ethylthiazole	0.009 ± 0.001 a	0.005 ± 0.000 c	0.007 ± 0.001 ab	0.007 ± 0.001 b	0.007 ± 0.001 ab	0.006 ± 0.001 bc	0.007 ± 0.001 c
c8	928	4,5-Dimethylthiazole	0.018 ± 0.006 a	0.012 ± 0.002 b	0.020 ± 0.001 a	0.015 ± 0.002 ab	0.019 ± 0.003 a	0.016 ± 0.001 ab	N.D c
c9	933	4,5-Dihydro-2-methylthiazole	0.024 ± 0.001 ab	0.021 ± 0.002 bc	0.026 ± 0.002 a	0.022 ± 0.004 ab	0.019 ± 0.003 ab	0.017 ± 0.003 c	0.002 ± 0.004 d
c10	969	2-Ethyl-4-methylthiazole	0.017 ± 0.002 a	0.015 ± 0.002 ab	0.017 ± 0.001 ab	0.017 ± 0.003 a	0.012 ± 0.000 c	0.014 ± 0.001 bc	0.005 ± 0.000 d
c11	970	5-Ethyl-2-methylthiazole	0.010 ± 0.000 b	0.009 ± 0.000 bc	0.010 ± 0.001 bc	0.010 ± 0.002 bc	0.008 ± 0.001 c	0.009 ± 0.001 bc	0.018 ± 0.002 a
c12	994	2,4,5-Trimethylthiazole	0.016 ± 0.001 a	0.009 ± 0.000 c	0.012 ± 0.002 b	0.009 ± 0.001 c	0.011 ± 0.002 bc	0.010 ± 0.001 bc	0.018 ± 0.002 d
c13	1017	2-Acetylthiazole	0.016 ± 0.002 bc	0.018 ± 0.002 ab	0.020 ± 0.001 ab	0.019 ± 0.003 ab	0.021 ± 0.003 a	0.018 ± 0.001 abc	0.015 ± 0.002 c
Pyridines
d1	737	Pyridine	0.169 ± 0.040 a	N.D c	0.019 ± 0.001 c	0.057 ± 0.008 b	0.028 ± 0.006 b	0.052 ± 0.017 b	N.D c
d2	813	2-Methylpyridine	0.107 ± 0.009 a	0.046 ± 0.006 d	0.080 ± 0.004 b	0.044 ± 0.002 d	0.063 ± 0.005 c	0.063 ± 0.007 c	N.D e
Pyrroles
e1	736	1-Methyl-1H-pyrrole	0.010 ± 0.003 a	0.031 ± 0.006 e	0.060 ± 0.005 b	0.039 ± 0.007 d	0.044 ± 0.002 cd	0.049 ± 0.002 c	N.D f
e2	751	1H-pyrroles	0.379 ± 0.027 a	0.276 ± 0.040 b	0.379 ± 0.006 a	0.298 ± 0.049 b	0.296 ± 0.004 b	0.271 ± 0.026 b	0.200 ± 0.018 c
e3	838	3-Methyl-1H-pyrrole	0.030 ± 0.004 a	0.023 ± 0.003 b	0.022 ± 0.005 b	0.024 ± 0.007 ab	0.013 ± 0.002 c	0.028 ± 0.002 ab	N.D d
e4	849	2-Methyl-1H-pyrrole	0.017 ± 0.003 a	0.007 ± 0.001 d	0.014 ± 0.002 ab	0.009 ± 0.003 cd	0.012 ± 0.001 bc	0.007 ± 0.001 d	N.D e
e5	1011	1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde	0.042 ± 0.002 a	0.026 ± 0.004 c	0.038 ± 0.003 bc	0.023 ± 0.003 c	0.049 ± 0.003 b	0.035 ± 0.002 bc	0.006 ± 0.003 d
S-containing compounds
f1	< 700	Methanethiol	0.038 ± 0.014 ab	0.020 ± 0.004 b	0.025 ± 0.003 b	0.029 ± 0.006 ab	0.034 ± 0.008 ab	0.033 ± 0.007 ab	0.048 ± 0.022 a
f2	< 700	2-Methylthiophene	0.159 ± 0.007 a	0.093 ± 0.007 d	0.128 ± 0.012 bc	0.106 ± 0.021 cd	0.144 ± 0.016 ab	0.156 ± 0.009 a	0.098 ± 0.007 d
f3	< 700	2-Methyl-1-propanethiol	0.034 ± 0.001 b	0.011 ± 0.003 d	0.020 ± 0.003 a	0.014 ± 0.006 cd	0.023 ± 0.002 c	0.013 ± 0.002 cd	0.013 ± 0.006 cd
f4	738	Dimethyl disulfide	0.541 ± 0.070 a	0.381 ± 0.051 b	0.534 ± 0.011 c	0.412 ± 0.068 b	0.437 ± 0.022 b	0.438 ± 0.006 b	0.444 ± 0.048 b
f5	766	2-Methylthiophene	0.088 ± 0.021 a	0.057 ± 0.006 c	0.076 ± 0.002 ab	0.052 ± 0.008 c	0.060 ± 0.006 bc	0.065 ± 0.000 bc	0.065 ± 0.011 bc
f6	775	3-Methylthiophene	0.061 ± 0.010 a	0.026 ± 0.001 d	0.050 ± 0.006 b	0.026 ± 0.003 d	0.041 ± 0.007 bc	0.030 ± 0.006 cd	0.028 ± 0.003 d
f7	783	2-Methyl-1-butanethiol	0.037 ± 0.010 a	0.041 ± 0.002 a	0.025 ± 0.001 b	0.039 ± 0.004 a	0.046 ± 0.012 a	0.020 ± 0.002 b	0.016 ± 0.004 b
f8	873	2,3-Dimethylthiophene	0.009 ± 0.001 a	0.006 ± 0.001 b	0.006 ± 0.001 b	0.008 ± 0.002 ab	0.008 ± 0.001 a	0.008 ± 0.001 a	N.D c
f9	946	Dihydro-3-(2H)-thiophenone	0.025 ± 0.002 abc	0.025 ± 0.004 abc	0.027 ± 0.001 ab	0.026 ± 0.004 abc	0.029 ± 0.002 a	0.023 ± 0.003 bc	0.021 ± 0.004 c
f10	964	Dimethyl trisulfide	0.037 ± 0.004 a	0.030 ± 0.005 a	0.024 ± 0.002 a	0.031 ± 0.005 a	0.035 ± 0.006 a	0.033 ± 0.001 a	N.D b
f11	984	4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-3(2H)-thiophenone	0.008 ± 0.001 b	0.009 ± 0.001 b	0.009 ± 0.000 ab	0.010 ± 0.002 a	0.009 ± 0.000 ab	0.008 ± 0.000 ab	N.D c

^aRetention indices were determined by using n-paraffins C₇-C₂₂ as external references
^bAverage of relative peak areas compared to that of the internal standard ± standard deviation
^cSesame oil sample with no treatment
^dSesame oil sample filtrated with powdered activated carbon made from peat
^eSesame oil sample filtrated with granular activated carbon made from coconut shell
^fSesame oil sample filtrated with powdered activated carbon made from coconut shell
^gSesame oil sample filtrated with granular activated carbon made from wood
^hSesame oil sample filtrated with powdered activated carbon made from wood
ⁱSesame oil sample filtrated with acid clay combined with powdered activated carbon made from wood in a proportion of 1:1
^jThere are significant differences (p < 0.05) among sesame oil samples filtrated with 6 different activated carbons by using Duncan’s multiple comparison test between the samples having different letter in row

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