Fig. 3

Differences in the root and shoot growths due to Cd (II). A Images showing changes in the shoot growth of the plants treated (Cd) or untreated (Con) with CdCl₂. For the CdCl₂ treatment, plants grown in soil for 3 weeks were painted with the MS liquid media including 100 mg/L of CdCl₂ every day. B Images showing changes in the root growth of the plants treated (Cd) or untreated (Mock) with CdCl₂. For the CdCl₂ treatment, 7 days-old plants grown in the normal MS solid media were transferred to the MS solid media including 100 mg/L of CdCl₂ and grown for 7 days. C Quantification of shoot (n > 20) and root growth (n > 60) in these plants. Error bars indicate SD. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between the corresponding samples and their control (p value < 0.01, t-test). Scale bars = 1 cm