Acaricidal and repellent activities of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) oil and 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal against Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 4 Repellent activities of L. cubeba oil and its major components at different dosages against H. longicornis unfed nymphs and adults measured by filter paper bioassay

Samples	Developmental stage	Dose (mg/cm²)	Treatment median (s)	Negative control median (s)	P value^a	Treatment/negative control^b	Median difference (s)^c	Relative repellency^d
Samples	Developmental stage	Dose (mg/cm²)	Treatment median (s)	Negative control median (s)	P value^a	Treatment/negative control^b	Median difference (s)^c	IR3535
L. cubeba	Nymphs	0.08	120.5	14.5	< 0.01	8.3	106.0	3.3
		0.04	41.5	13.5	< 0.01	3.1	28.0	2.3
		0.02	17.5	13.0	n.s.^e	1.3	4.5	1.8
	Adults	0.08	73.0	7.0	< 0.01	10.4	66.0	4.6
		0.04	32.0	7.5	< 0.01	4.3	24.5	3.5
		0.02	9.5	7.0	n.s	1.4	2.5	1.0
α-Pinene	Nymphs	0.08	22.0	14.0	n.s	1.6	8.0	0.3
α-Pinene	Adults	0.08	9.5	6.5	n.s	1.5	3.0	0.2
β-Pinene	Nymphs	0.08	25.0	15.5	n.s	1.5	9.5	0.3
β-Pinene	Adults	0.08	8.0	6.0	n.s	1.3	2.0	0.1
(+)-Limonene	Nymphs	0.08	18.0	14.0	n.s	1.1	4.0	0.1
(+)-Limonene	Adults	0.08	8.5	6.0	n.s	1.1	2.0	0.1
Eucalyptol	Nymphs	0.08	18.0	12.5	n.s	1.2	5.5	0.2
Eucalyptol	Adults	0.08	10.0	7.5	n.s	1.1	2.5	0.2
3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal	Nymphs	0.08	160.5	16.0	< 0.01	10.0	144.5	4.5
		0.04	66.5	14.0	< 0.01	4.8	52.5	4.4
		0.02	20.0	13.5	n.s	1.5	6.5	2.6
	Adults	0.08	96.0	9.5	< 0.01	10.1	86.5	6.0
		0.04	51.5	6.0	< 0.01	8.6	45.5	6.5
		0.02	13.0	9.0	n.s	1.4	4.0	2.7
IR3535	Nymphs	0.08	45.5	13.5	< 0.01	3.4	32.0	1.0
		0.04	23.0	10.5	< 0.05	2.2	12.0	1.0
		0.02	12.5	10.0	n.s	1.3	2.5	1.0
	Adults	0.08	21.0	6.5	< 0.01	3.2	14.5	1.0
		0.04	14.0	7.0	< 0.05	2.0	7.0	1.0
		0.02	9.5	8.0	n.s	1.2	1.5	1.0

^aStatistical significance of the difference between the treatment and negative control medians
^bTreatment median (s)/negative control median (s)
^cMedian difference between treatment and negative control medians
^dMedian difference between treatment and negative control medians/median difference between positive control and negative control
^eNo statistically significant difference