Fig. 3

Intestinal concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the intestinal pH. A Intestinal concentration of SCFAs, including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid; B pH was measured after the oral administration of RPG0136 (low-dose: 1 × 10⁸ colony-forming units (CFU)/ml; high-dose: 1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/ml). Data are presented as the average value of the results of four independent experiments with standard deviations, *p < 0.05