Table 1 Acaricidal activities of Valeriana fauriei essential oils obtained by SDE, SE and SFE against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, H. longicornis and T. putrescentiae
Samples | Insects | Bioassays | LD50 (95% CI) | LD90 (95% CI) | Slope ± SE | χ2 (df, p) | RTD | RTA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V. fauriei SDE oil | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 15.15 (11.90–19.28) | 38.04 (28.22–62.13) | 3.21 ± 0.50 | 3.072 (4, 0.546) | 1.3 | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 13.64 (10.87–17.31) | 32.12 (24.22–51.32) | 3.47 ± 0.56 | 1.624 (4, 0.824) | 1.3 | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | > 50.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 10.14 (8.87–11.70) | 17.97 (14.93–24.57) | 5.16 ± 0.81 | 2.232 (4, 0.693) | 1.8 | – | |
V. fauriei SE oil | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | > 110.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | > 110.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | > 50.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | > 110.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
V. fauriei SFE oil | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | > 110.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | > 110.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | > 50.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | > 110.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
Amitraz | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | –a | – | – | – | – | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | 23.83 (18.67–30.46) | 64.18 (47.12–105.32) | 2.98 ± 0.44 | 3.379 (4, 0.497) | – | 1.0 | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Benzyl benzoate | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 12.11 (10.49–14.03) | 22.94 (18.86–31.76) | 4.62 ± 0.71 | 3.660 (4, 0.454) | 1.7 | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 11.09 (9.62–12.77) | 20.45 (17.01–27.64) | 4.83 ± 0.73 | 3.319 (4, 0.506) | 1.6 | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 9.95 (8.49–11.48) | 18.08 (15.15–24.05) | 4.94 ± 0.77 | 1.016 (4, 0.907) | 1.9 | – | |
DEET | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 20.26 (17.12–24.49) | 44.14 (34.22–68.35) | 3.79 ± 0.59 | 2.401 (4, 0.662) | 1.0 | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 17.40 (15.12–20.31) | 31.77 (25.98–45.00) | 4.90 ± 0.79 | 1.301 (4, 0.861) | 1.0 | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 18.54 (16.01–21.85) | 35.24 (28.39–51.39) | 4.59 ± 0.74 | 2.226 (4, 0.694) | 1.0 | – |