Table 2 GC–MS analysis of Valeriana fauriei essential oils by SDE, SE and SFE
No. | Compounds | RI | Relative amount (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steam | Solvent | Supercritical | |||
1 | Methyl 3-methylvalerate | 820 | 6.81 | – | – |
2 | Isovalerate | 811 | 12.04 | – | – |
3 | 5-methylfurfural | 920 | 5.41 | – | – |
4 | Limonene | 1033 | –a | 2.27 | – |
5 | β-hydroxyisovaleric acid | 966 | – | – | 2.25 |
6 | Bornyl acetate | 1277 | – | 1.21 | – |
7 | Allyl valerate | 974 | – | – | 10.08 |
8 | α-santalene | 1420 | 1.19 | – | – |
9 | α-bergamotene | 1431 | 0.97 | – | – |
10 | β-gurjunene | 1403 | 10.45 | – | – |
11 | β-caryophyllene | 1494 | 4.66 | 3.71 | – |
12 | Seychellene | 1460 | 4.75 | 4.66 | 2.08 |
13 | α-gurjunene | 1419 | 5.98 | 2.87 | – |
14 | β-selinene | 1436 | – | 1.04 | – |
15 | α-patchoulene | 1456 | 6.87 | 2.94 | – |
16 | (+)-cyclosativene | 1125 | 1.23 | – | – |
17 | 2,8,8-trimethyl-4-methylene-2-vinylbicyclo[5.2.0]nonane | 1407 | 2.69 | – | – |
18 | α-guaiene | 1490 | 9.85 | 1.12 | – |
19 | α-panasinsene | 1416 | 1.52 | 1.60 | – |
20 | Viridiflorol | 1754 | 17.15 | – | – |
21 | β-eudesmol | 1593 | 0.88 | – | – |
22 | Patchouli alcohol | 1659 | 6.44 | 7.17 | 4.82 |
23 | Baldrinal | 1689 | – | 11.36 | 11.24 |
24 | Palmitic acid | 1968 | – | – | 3.18 |
25 | 1-ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol | 1147 | – | 19.06 | 15.77 |
26 | 3-Acetoxycinnamic acid | 1737 | – | 3.33 | – |
27 | 6-hydroxy-5,7,8-trimethyl-2-chromanone | 1952 | – | – | 2.95 |
28 | Methyl 3-acetoxy-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate | 1150 | – | – | 1.68 |
29 | 4-carvomenthenol | 2458 | – | – | 2.28 |
30 | Artemisia ketone | 1042 | – | 1.59 | – |
31 | 8-acetyl-5,5-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-one | 1464 | – | 7.10 | – |
32 | 1-cyclohexyl-4,4-diethoxy-2-butyn-1-one | 1717 | – | – | 6.86 |
33 | 2,6-dimethyl-6-nitro-2-hepten-4-one | 1334 | – | 2.41 | – |
34 | 2,2-dicyclohexylmalononitrile | 2045 | – | – | 5.72 |
35 | S-propyl pentanethioate | 1139 | – | 2.85 | 5.30 |
36 | (−)-praeruptorin B | 3097 | – | 4.91 | 2.30 |
37 | 1,6-dibromohexane | 1210 | – | – | 2.14 |
38 | 2,3,7-trimethyl-3-vinyl-oct-6-enoic acid | 1496 | – | – | 3.11 |
39 | (+)-α-tocopherol | 3149 | – | – | 2.81 |
40 | γ-sitosterol | 2731 | – | 18.80 | 13.20 |
Major grouped compounds | |||||
Acid | 12.04 | 6.18 | 13.84 | ||
Aldehydes | 5.41 | 11.36 | 11.24 | ||
Aliphatic ester | 6.81 | – | – | ||
Alkanes | 3.92 | – | – | ||
Ketones | – | 1.59 | – | ||
Monoterpene alcohol | – | 19.06 | 18.05 | ||
Monoterpene esters | – | 3.62 | 11.76 | ||
Monoterpene ketone | – | – | – | ||
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | – | 2.27 | – | ||
Sesquiterpene alcohols | 47.64 | 7.17 | 7.77 | ||
Sesquiterpene esters | – | – | 6.86 | ||
Sesquiterpene ethers | – | 7.10 | – | ||
Sesquiterpenene hydrocarbons | 23.07 | 17.94 | 2.08 | ||
Sesquiterpenene nitrile | – | – | 5.72 | ||
Triterpenoids | – | 18.80 | 16.01 | ||
Pyranocoumarins | – | 4.91 | 2.30 | ||
Total (%) | 98.89 | 100.00 | 97.77 | ||
Yield (%) | 0.66 | 0.84 | 2.21 | ||