Table 3 Acaricidal activities of 7 constituents of Valeriana fauriei essential oil obtained by SDE against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, H. longicornis and T. putrescentiae

Methyl 3-methylvalerate

D. farinae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

D. pteronyssinus

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

H. longicornis

Packet (mg/ml)

> 50.00

–

–

–

–

–

T. putrescentiae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

Isovalerate

D. farinae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

13.75 (10.68–17.58)

36.30 (26.72–60.05)

3.04 ± 0.48

4.261 (4, 0.372)

1.5

–

D. pteronyssinus

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

15.71 (12.42–19.87)

37.55 (28.15–60.44)

3.39 ± 0.54

2.430 (4, 0.657)

1.1

–

H. longicornis

Packet (mg/ml)

> 50.00

–

–

–

–

–

T. putrescentiae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

11.23 (8.76–14.23)

27.74 (20.73–45.08)

3.27 ± 0.53

2.990 (4, 0.657)

1.7

–

5-methylfurfural

D. farinae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

11.87 (9.75–14.56)

27.64 (21.06–44.36)

3.49 ± 0.57

1.669 (4, 0.796)

1.7

–

D. pteronyssinus

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

11.00 (9.05–13.41)

24.99 (19.21–39.71)

3.60 ± 0.60

1.729 (4, 0.785)

1.6

–

H. longicornis

Packet (mg/ml)

> 50.00

–

–

–

–

–

T. putrescentiae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

8.59 (6.47–11.28)

28.07 (19.77–49.41)

2.49 ± 0.38

5.047 (4, 0.283)

2.2

–

(−)-α-gurjunene

D. farinae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

D. pteronyssinus

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

H. longicornis

Packet (mg/ml)

> 50.00

–

–

–

–

–

T. putrescentiae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

α-guaiene

D. farinae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

D. pteronyssinus

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

H. longicornis

Packet (mg/ml)

> 50.00

–

–

–

–

–

T. putrescentiae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

Viridiflorol

D. farinae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

D. pteronyssinus

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

H. longicornis

Packet (mg/ml)

> 50.00

–

–

–

–

–

T. putrescentiae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

(−)-patchouli alcohol

D. farinae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

D. pteronyssinus

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

H. longicornis

Packet (mg/ml)

> 50.00

–

–

–

–

–

T. putrescentiae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

> 110.00

–

–

–

–

–

Amitraz

D. farinae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

–^a

–

–

–

–

–

D. pteronyssinus

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

–

–

–

–

–

–

H. longicornis

Packet (mg/ml)

23.83 (18.67–30.46)

64.18 (47.12–105.32)

2.98 ± 0.44

3.379 (4, 0.497)

–

1.0

T. putrescentiae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Benzyl benzoate

D. farinae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

12.11 (10.49–14.03)

22.94 (18.86–31.76)

4.62 ± 0.71

3.660 (4, 0.454)

1.7

–

D. pteronyssinus

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

11.09 (9.62–12.77)

20.45 (17.01–27.64)

4.83 ± 0.73

3.319 (4, 0.506)

1.6

–

H. longicornis

Packet (mg/ml)

–

–

–

–

–

–

T. putrescentiae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

9.95 (8.49–11.48)

18.08 (15.15–24.05)

4.94 ± 0.77

1.016 (4, 0.907)

1.9

–

DEET

D. farinae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

20.26 (17.12–24.49)

44.14 (34.22–68.35)

3.79 ± 0.59

2.401 (4, 0.662)

1.0

–

D. pteronyssinus

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

17.40 (15.12–20.31)

31.77 (25.98–45.00)

4.90 ± 0.79

1.301 (4, 0.861)

1.0

–

H. longicornis

Packet (mg/ml)

–

–

–

–

–

–

T. putrescentiae

Contact  +  fumigant (μg/cm²)

18.54 (16.01–21.85)

35.24 (28.39–51.39)

4.59 ± 0.74

2.226 (4, 0.694)

1.0

–