Table 4 Acaricidal activities of 5-methyhlfurfural analogues against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, H. longicornis and T. putrescentiae
Compound | Insect | Bioassay | LD50 (95% CI) | LD90 (95% CI) | Slope ± SE | χ2 (df, p) | RTD | RTA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Furan | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | > 110.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | > 110.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | > 50.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | > 110.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
2-methylfuran | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 58.84 (47.55–72.92) | 119.38 (92.62–184.70) | 4.17 ± 0.72 | 0.404 (4, 0.982) | 0.3 | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 57.02 (45.49–71.60) | 127.56 (96.83–202.80) | 3.67 ± 0.60 | 1.179 (4, 0.882) | 0.3 | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | > 50.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 39.71 (31.96–49.61) | 84.53 (64.73–133.05) | 3.91 ± 0.65 | 2.338 (4, 0.674) | 0.5 | – | |
Furfural | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 12.94 (10.50–15.88) | 24.95 (19.65–37.72) | 4.49 ± 0.79 | 0.648 (4, 0.958) | 1.6 | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 13.25 (10.70–16.42) | 26.96 (20.92–41.66) | 4.15 ± 0.71 | 0.513 (4, 0.972) | 1.3 | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | > 50.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 10.36 (7.95–13.56) | 31.57 (22.35–55.33) | 2.65 ± 0.40 | 2.122 (4, 0.713) | 1.8 | – | |
4,5-dimethylfurfural | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 9.95 (8.60–11.46) | 16.30 (13.62–23.48) | 5.97 ± 1.22 | 0.386 (4, 0.984) | 2.0 | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 9.91 (8.43–11.61) | 17.87 (14.56–26.53) | 5.00 ± 0.96 | 1.955 (4, 0.744) | 1.8 | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | > 50.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 7.12 (5.67–8.92) | 15.91 (12.12–25.09) | 3.67 ± 0.60 | 1.187 (4, 0.880) | 2.6 | – | |
5-hydroxymethylfurfural | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 53.82 (43.95–65.49) | 98.31 (78.46–146.24) | 4.90 ± 0.90 | 1.226 (4, 0.874) | 0.4 | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 48.71 (38.98–60.46) | 103.07 (79.73–158.01) | 3.94 ± 0.65 | 2.824 (4, 0.398) | 0.4 | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | > 50.00 | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 57.58 (48.58–67.05) | 101.58 (84.45–139.76) | 5.20 ± 0.91 | 4.058 (4, 0.398) | 0.3 | – | |
Amitraz | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | –a | – | – | – | – | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | 23.83 (18.67–30.46) | 64.18 (47.12–105.32) | 2.98 ± 0.44 | 3.379 (4, 0.497) | – | 1.0 | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Benzyl benzoate | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 12.11 (10.49–14.03) | 22.94 (18.86–31.76) | 4.62 ± 0.71 | 3.660 (4, 0.454) | 1.7 | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 11.09 (9.62–12.77) | 20.45 (17.01–27.64) | 4.83 ± 0.73 | 3.319 (4, 0.506) | 1.6 | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | –a | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 9.95 (8.49–11.48) | 18.08 (15.15–24.05) | 4.94 ± 0.77 | 1.016 (4, 0.907) | 1.9 | – | |
DEET | D. farinae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 20.26 (17.12–24.49) | 44.14 (34.22–68.35) | 3.79 ± 0.59 | 2.401 (4, 0.662) | 1.0 | – |
D. pteronyssinus | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 17.40 (15.12–20.31) | 31.77 (25.98–45.00) | 4.90 ± 0.79 | 1.301 (4, 0.861) | 1.0 | – | |
H. longicornis | Packet (mg/ml) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
T. putrescentiae | Contact + fumigant (μg/cm2) | 18.54 (16.01–21.85) | 35.24 (28.39–51.39) | 4.59 ± 0.74 | 2.226 (4, 0.694) | 1.0 | – |