Table 5 Acaricidal activities of 4,5-dimethylfurfural nanoemulsion against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus and T. putrescentiae using spray bioassay
Compound | Insect | LD50 (μg/cm2; 95% CI) | LD90 (μg/cm2; 95% CI) | Slope ± SE | χ2 (df, p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,5-dimethylfurfural nanoemulsion | D. farinae | 7.24 (5.84–8.71) | 15.96 (12.80–22.50) | 3.74 ± 0.57 | 3.524 (4, 0.474) |
D. pteronyssinus | 6.87 (5.51–8.28) | 15.29 (12.24–21.59) | 3.69 ± 0.56 | 3.860 (4, 0.425) | |
T. putrescentiae | 5.59 (4.41–6.94) | 14.39 (10.97–22.09) | 3.12 ± 0.47 | 3.710 (4, 0.447) | |
4,5-dimethylfurfural emulsion dissolved in ethanol | D. farinae | 9.95 (8.60–11.46) | 16.30 (13.62–23.48) | 5.97 ± 1.22 | 0.386 (4, 0.984) |
D. pteronyssinus | 9.91 (8.43–11.61) | 17.87 (14.56–26.53) | 5.00 ± 0.96 | 1.955 (4, 0.744) | |
T. putrescentiae | 7.12 (5.67–8.92) | 15.91 (12.12–25.09) | 3.67 ± 0.60 | 1.187 (4, 0.880) |