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Applied Biological Chemistry
Fig. 1 | Applied Biological Chemistry

Fig. 1

From: Piperine increases striatal levels of DA and TH and decreases α-syn and Aβ42 deposition in PDD mice by regulting autophagy: downexpression Beclin-1 and LC3B and upexpression p62

Fig. 1

Results of behavioral tests in treated and untreated PDD mice. In open field and pole tests, all showed a better locomotor, exploration and coordination activities than the PDD model mice. As compared to the model group, the center grid dwell time (I) and length of the distance along the central area (VI) decreased (P < 0.05), time of turning head down (VII) and total climbing time (VIII) shorten (P < 0.01), numbers of crossing lattices (II), hindlimb standing (III), modifications (IV) and length of the distance along the edge (V) increased (P < 0.05) in all doses of piperine treated groups. As compared to 3-methyladenine (3MA) and madopar treated groups, the center grid dwell time (I) and length of the distance along the central area (VI) prolonged (P < 0.05), time of turning head down (VII) and total climbing time (VIII) extended (P < 0.05), numbers of crossing lattices (II), hindlimb standing (III), modifications (IV) and length of the distance along the edge (V) reduced (P < 0.05) in all doses of piperine treated groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs 3MA group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01 vs madopar group. Values are mean ± SD of 12 mice. A normal control group; B model group; C 10 mg/kg piperine group; D 20 mg/kg piperine group; E 40 mg/kg piperine group; F 3MA group; G rapamycin group; H madopar group

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