Fig. 3

Preventive effect of DFS on acetaminophen-induced hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels and NF-κB activation in mice. The hepatic mRNA expression levels of A TNF-α, B IL-1β, and C IL-6 was determined by quantitative PCR. D The hepatic protein expression level of phospho-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, phospho-IκBα, IκBα, and β-actin was determined by western blot. (E) Protein expression was evaluated using ImageJ software. The relative expression of target protein was compared using β-actin as a control. The results are presented as the means ± SD (n = 6). ^### Significantly different from the control group (p < 0.001). *** Significantly different from the acetaminophen-treated group (p < 0.001)