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Applied Biological Chemistry
Fig. 3 | Applied Biological Chemistry

Fig. 3

From: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with Ligularia fischeri against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Caenorhabditis elegans model

Fig. 3

In vitro antimicrobial activities of LFE under different light conditions. APDT with LFE (20 µg/mL; incubation time, 30 min) against MRSA under a red light intensity of 20 W/m2 for 10 or 30 min. Ampicillin (100 µg/mL) was used as the positive control. The data are expressed as mean ± standard error (n = 2) and representative of three independences. ns indicates no statistical significance relative to the control group. Significant differences are expressed with ** for p < 0.01 and *** for p < 0.001 relative to the vehicle control. The log reductions compared with vehicle control are presented in each column

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