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Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 2 Concentrations and ranges of seven metals analyzed in 207 fresh fruit samples

From: Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South Korea

Fruit group

Species

N

Mean ± SD (min − max) (mg kg−1 f.w.)

As

Ba

Cd

Cr

Ni

Pb

Sb

Total

 

207

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 – 0.0400)

0.3675 ± 0.3173

(0.0209 − 1.8392)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0022 − 0.0098)

0.0307 ± 0.0199

(0.0094 − 0.1262)

0.0815 ± 0.0769

(0.0062 − 0.4779)

0.0236 ± 0.0225

(< 0.0027 − 0.0968)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0089)

Berries

 

48

0.0030 ± 0.0047ab

(< 0.0021 − 0.0271)

0.2945 ± 0.2222a

(0.0309 − 0.7485)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0022 − 0.0098)

0.0326 ± 0.0187ab

(0.0100 − 0.0869)

0.0590 ± 0.0665a

(0.0063 − 0.3298)

0.0212 ± 0.0109

(< 0.0027 − 0.0834)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0089)

 

Blueberry

16

0.0062 ± 0.0066

(< 0.0021 − 0.0271)

0.3704 ± 0.1503

(0.1368 − 0.6157)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0022 − 0.0047)

0.0357 ± 0.0187

(0.0137 − 0.0727)

0.1133 ± 0.0893

(0.0267 − 0.3298)

0.0343 ± 0.0208

(0.0091 − 0.0834)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0089)

 

Grape

15

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0041)

0.0710 ± 0.0355

(0.0309 − 0.1805)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0022 − 0.0028)

0.0253 ± 0.0131

(0.0100 − 0.0634)

0.0287 ± 0.0211

(0.0063 − 0.0844)

0.0246 ± 0.0154

(0.0051 − 0.0589)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0070)

 

Strawberry

17

0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0088)

0.4204 ± 0.2275

(0.1086 − 0.7485)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0022 – 0.0098)

0.0360 ± 0.0216

(0.0112 − 0.0869)

0.0347 ± 0.0200

(0.0116 − 0.0791)

0.0060 ± 0.0028

(< 0.0027 − 0.0139)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0050)

Citrus fruits

 

30

 < 0.0021

0.5357 ± 0.2835b

(0.1136 − 1.1670)

 < 0.0022

0.0300 ± 0.0133ab

(0.0110 − 0.0662)

0.1255 ± 0.1141b

(0.0174 − 0.4779)

0.0215 ± 0.0157

(< 0.0027 − 0.0956)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0040)

 

Mandarin

15

 < 0.0021

0.5239 ± 0.2782

(0.1136 − 0.9161)

 < 0.0022

0.0369 ± 0.0126

(0.0155 − 0.0662)

0.1947 ± 0.1256

(0.0595 − 0.4779)

0.0221 ± 0.0040

(0.0096 − 0.0298)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0027)

 

Orange

15

 < 0.0021

0.5475 ± 0.2882

(0.1142 − 1.1670)

 < 0.0022

0.0231 ± 0.0101

(0.0110 − 0.0466)

0.0563 ± 0.0264

(0.0174 − 0.1250)

0.0209 ± 0.0218

(< 0.0027 − 0.0956)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0040)

Pome fruits

 

45

 < 0.0021ab

0.3315 ± 0.2018a

(0.0209 − 0.9659)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0021 − 0.0093)

0.0319 ± 0.0284a

(0.0094 − 0.1262)

0.0785 ± 0.0518ab

(0.0062 − 0.2115)

0.0200 ± 0.0231

(< 0.0027 − 0.0831)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0051)

 

Apple

15

 < 0.0021

0.2076 ± 0.1296

(0.0209 − 0.5034)

 < 0.0022

0.0567 ± 0.0364

(0.0167 − 0.1262)

0.0422 ± 0.0373

(0.0062 − 0.1542)

0.0464 ± 0.0217

(0.0110 − 0.0833)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0051)

 

Pear

15

 < 0.0021

0.3424 ± 0.2174

(0.1040 − 0.9659)

0.0026 ± 0.0026

(< 0.0022 − 0.0093)

0.0236 ± 0.0110

(0.0147 − 0.0543)

0.1103 ± 0.0542

(0.0412 − 0.2115)

0.0052 ± 0.0047

(< 0.0027 − 0.0198)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0028)

 

Persimmon

15

 < 0.0021

0.4444 ± 0.1732

(0.2319 − 0.8422)

 < 0.0022

0.0155 ± 0.0053

(0.0094 − 0.0318)

0.0831 ± 0.0372

(0.0226 − 0.1344)

0.0084 ± 0.0073

(< 0.0027 − 0.0257)

 < 0.0021

Stone fruits

 

39

0.0029 ± 0.0084a

(< 0.0021 − 0.040)

0.2161 ± 0.1524a

(0.0413 − 0.7538)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0022 − 0.0051)

0.0330 ± 0.0180b

(0.0101 − 0.0941)

0.0805 ± 0.0577ab

(0.0074 − 0.2910)

0.0337 ± 0.0268

(< 0.0027 − 0.0931)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0044)

 

Cherry

9

0.0126 ± 0.0136

(< 0.0021 − 0.0400)

0.2690 ± 0.1210

(0.0763 − 0.5053)

 < 0.0022

0.0330 ± 0.0127

(0.0101 − 0.0535)

0.0338 ± 0.0227

(0.0074 − 0.0825)

0.0320 ± 0.0190

(0.0058 − 0.0735)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0022)

 

Peach

15

 < 0.0021

0.1692 ± 0.1773

(0.0413 − 0.7538)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0022 − 0.0032)

0.0207 ± 0.0062

(0.0133 − 0.0409)

0.0717 ± 0.0351

(0.0173 − 0.1169)

0.0412 ± 0.0330

(0.0035 − 0.0931)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0044)

 

Plum

15

 < 0.0021

0.2313 ± 0.1267

(0.0816 − 0.4981)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0022 − 0.0051)

0.0453 ± 0.0202

(0.0202 − 0.0941)

0.1173 ± 0.0662

(0.0191 − 0.2910)

0.0272 ± 0.0215

(0.0032 − 0.0865)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0041)

Tropical fruits

 

45

 < 0.0021b

(< 0.0021 − 0.0035)

0.5005 ± 0.4822a

(0.0249 − 1.8392)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0022 − 0.0030)

0.0258 ± 0.0142a

(0.0094 − 0.0831)

0.0801 ± 0.0800b

(0.0113 − 0.4425)

0.0223 ± 0.0227

(< 0.0027 − 0.0968)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0057)

 

Banana

15

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0035)

0.2624 ± 0.3048

(0.0249 − 1.0135)

 < 0.0022

(< 0.0022 − 0.0030)

0.0247 ± 0.0132

(0.0094 − 0.0555)

0.1072 ± 0.1089

(0.0113 − 0.4425)

0.0135 ± 0.0150

(< 0.0027 − 0.0604)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0057)

 

Kiwi

15

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0028)

0.9745 ± 0.4812

(0.2285 − 1.8392)

 < 0.0022

0.0302 ± 0.0176

(0.0123 − 0.0831)

0.0465 ± 0.0264

(0.0161 − 0.1208)

0.0217 ± 0.0176

(0.0046 − 0.0767)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0034)

 

Pineapple

15

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0028)

0.2646 ± 0.1897

(0.0534 − 0.7434)

 < 0.0022

0.0224 ± 0.0095

(0.0100 − 0.0427)

0.0866 ± 0.0689

(0.0152 − 0.3002)

0.0316 ± 0.0290

(< 0.0027 − 0.0968)

 < 0.0021

(< 0.0021 − 0.0036)

  1. N number of samples, Mean arithmetic mean, SD standard deviation, mg kg−1 f.w. concentration calculated on a fresh weight basis, <  = less than the LOD
  2. In each column, lowercase superscripts (a, b, c, etc.) indicate statistical variations between different fruit groups. Values with the same superscripts in each column are not significantly different from each other, but those with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05)
  3. In each row, bold text indicates statistical results for the total of all fruit species and subtotals of fruit groups
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