Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South Korea

Lee, Jian; Hwang, Insun; Park, Ye-Seul; Lee, Do Yup

doi:10.1186/s13765-023-00799-x

Applied Biological Chemistry

Table 3 Estimated daily intakes (EDIs), hazard quotients (HQs), and hazard index (HI) of seven metals through fruit consumption in the Korean population of all ages

From: Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South Korea

Fruit group	Species	EDI (μg kg⁻¹ b.w. day⁻¹)							HQ							HI^a
Fruit group	Species	As	Ba	Cd	Cr	Ni	Pb	Sb	As	Ba	Cd	Cr	Ni	Pb	Sb
Total		0.0003	0.6213	0.0004	0.0759	0.1612	0.0594	–^c	0.0010	0.0031	0.0004	0.0001	0.0081	0.0148	–	0.0275
Berries	Subtotal	0.0002	0.0435	–	0.0063	0.0076	0.0040	–	0.0008	0.0002	–	0.0000^b	0.0004	0.0010	–	0.0024
	Blueberry	0.0001	0.0046	–	0.0004	0.0014	0.0004	–	0.0003	0.0000	–	0.0000	0.0001	0.0001	–	0.0005
	Grape	–	0.0092	–	0.0033	0.0037	0.0032	–	–	0.0000	–	0.0000	0.0002	0.0008	–	0.0010
	Strawberry	0.0002	0.0298	–	0.0026	0.0025	0.0004	–	0.0005	0.0001	–	0.0000	0.0001	0.0001	–	0.0009
Citrus fruits	Subtotal	–	0.1751	–	0.0110	0.0523	0.0072	–	–	0.0009	–	0.0000	0.0026	0.0018	–	0.0053
	Mandarin	–	0.1276	–	0.0090	0.0474	0.0054	–	–	0.0006	–	0.0000	0.0024	0.0013	–	0.0044
	Orange	–	0.0475	–	0.0020	0.0049	0.0018	–	–	0.0002	–	0.0000	0.0002	0.0005	–	0.0009
Pome fruits	Subtotal	–	0.2889	0.0004	0.0477	0.0631	0.0362	–	–	0.0014	0.0004	0.0000	0.0032	0.0090	–	0.0140
	Apple	–	0.1511	–	0.0412	0.0307	0.0338	–	–	0.0008	–	0.0000	0.0015	0.0084	–	0.0108
	Pear	–	0.0490	0.0004	0.0034	0.0158	0.0007	–	–	0.0002	0.0004	0.0000	0.0008	0.0002	–	0.0016
	Persimmon	–	0.0889	–	0.0031	0.0166	0.0017	–	–	0.0004	–	0.0000	0.0008	0.0004	–	0.0017
Stone fruits	Subtotal	0.0001	0.0408	–	0.0056	0.0175	0.0086	–	0.0003	0.0002	–	0.0000	0.0009	0.0022	–	0.0035
	Cherry	0.0001	0.0017	–	0.0002	0.0002	0.0002	–	0.0003	0.0000	–	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	–	0.0003
	Peach	–	0.0302	–	0.0037	0.0128	0.0074	–	–	0.0002	–	0.0000	0.0006	0.0018	–	0.0026
	Plum	–	0.0089	–	0.0017	0.0045	0.0010	–	–	0.0000	–	0.0000	0.0002	0.0003	–	0.0005
Tropical fruits	Subtotal	–	0.0730	–	0.0053	0.0207	0.0033	–	–	0.0004	–	0.0000	0.0010	0.0008	–	0.0022
	Banana	–	0.0445	–	0.0042	0.0182	0.0023	–	–	0.0002	–	0.0000	0.0009	0.0006	–	0.0017
	Kiwi	–	0.0242	–	0.0008	0.0012	0.0005	–	–	0.0001	–	0.0000	0.0001	0.0001	–	0.0003
	Pineapple	–	0.0043	–	0.0004	0.0014	0.0005	–	–	0.0000	–	0.0000	0.0001	0.0001	–	0.0002

^aHI = sum of HQs of seven metals
^b0.0000 = value under 0.00005
^c“-” = not available (NA) because the mean concentration of the corresponding metal in each fruit was below the LOD

Back to article page